Today, we will discuss about Abdul Qadir Al-Jazairi, Algerian Emir who defend Algeria from France s Colonization and he fight for Algeria s indepedence after France Colonialists can occupied Algeria, North Africa, after they defeat Ottoman Empire. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that add your perspective about Islamic History.
At 18 TH Century, Ottoman Empires still occupied Algeria. Ottoman Leader at Algeria has title Dayi. American Ships must pay tribute to Ottoman Goverment At Algeria. According Ottoman Historian, Prof.DR.Mehmet Maksudoglu, when Ottoman occupied Algeria, they advanced education at Algeria. Ottoman Empire also keep Algerian Natives Culture. Basic and win education flow at Algeria under Ottoman Supremacy. At 1827 AD, Kingdom Of France destroy Ottoman Navy at Battle Of Navarino. And , at 1830 AD, France attack Algeria and they occupied this land. According Maksudoglu, France occupied Algeria because this land is so strategic for againt British Empire s domination at Sea Of Mediterranea. France can conquer Algeria and they France Army doing genocyde at Algeria.
France Army destroy many mosques at Algeria and rob Muslim s houses. When 800 Muslims escaped to cave for save theirself, France Army burn this cave, until many Muslim Civilians at Algeria die at this cave.
But, appear resistance from Algerian. Algerian Leader at this resistance is Abdul Qadir Al-Jazairi. Abdul Qadir, born at 1808 AD, at Guenta, West Algeria. According Historian Eugene Rogan, Abdul Qadir is Syarif ( Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam descedant) and he get legitimate with his status at his followers who came from Arabians at Algeria . He educated by his father who has Islamic School, Muhi Addin. Abdul Qadir was memorized Koran (Islamic Holy Book) at 14 years old. And, at 1825 AD, he doing Hajj ( worship visit Mecca for Muslims) and at this event, he meet Imam Shamil, Commander who lead Caucasian s resistance againt Empire Of Russia. He started lead Algerian Tribes againt France Colonialism .
Abdul Qadir started his resistance when he was 25 years old. According Historian Eugene Rogan, Abdul Qadir can collect 8000 infantrymens, 2000 cavalries, and 240 artilerries troops with 20 cannons. At 1835 AD, Abdul Qadir can defeat France Army at Battle Of Macta, and At 1837 AD, Abdul Qadir and France General, Robert Bugeaud make Covenant Of Tafna, but France attack one important city at Algeria, Constantine and occupied it. Abdul Qadir s troops attack France Colony at Mitiga, east City Of Algier, Algeria. Abdul Qadir s army burn French Houses at this colony and kill many French s residents. Abdul Qadir use guerilla tactic s for destroy France Army. Abdul Qadir also build many fortress at highland for protect his army. General Bugeaud attack interior territories of Algeria and doing genocyde. They kill civilians, included womens and childrens. Because fear from France s attack, Civilians at Algeria stopped support Abdul Qadir and Abdul Qadir tried to bring them to Zimala , his basecamp. This camps can stayed by 60.000 peoples. At 1843 AD, France attack Zimala and kill many civilians when Abdul Qadir and his army doesnt exist at this place.
4 years ago, Abdul Qadir and his army retreat to Morocco and from Morocco, Abdul Qadir and his army attack France Army at Algeria for several times. Sultan Of Morocco, Moulay Abd Ar-Rahman at 1844 AD, make covenant with France after France Army bombards Port Of Tangier and Mogador at Morocco and also attack City Of Oujda at Morocco for find Abdul Qadir. Content from this covenant is Abdul Qadir cant received at Morocco. At 1847 AD, Abdul Qadir forced submit to France. And, he became France s hostage. He must stay at one jail at France with his family. King Of France, Louis Philippe want give amnesty to Abdul Qadir. King Louis Philippe, ousted at Revolution 1848 AD, his successor, King Louis Napoleon liberate Abdul Qadir and his family. Abdul Qadir and his family exiled to Damascus, Syria that became Ottoman Empire Territories and he foccuss at Islamic Spiritual Knowledge when he stay at Damascus.
At 1860 AD, at Damascus broke clash beetwen Muslims and Christians. Abdul Qadir protect Christians People at his house. According Palestinian Historian Jihad at-Turbani, because this, Abdul Qadir popular as one humanity hero. Abdul Qadir die at 1883 AD, at Damascus, may Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.
Rogan, Eugene: Dari Puncak Khilafah Sejarah Arab-Islam Sejak Era Kejayaan Khilafah Utsmaniyah, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Susanti, Eneng: Abdul Qadir Al Jazairi, Pahlawan Muslim Yang Dihormati Para Pemimpin Dunia - Islampos, accesed 15 January 2024, 10: 31 AM.
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