Today, we will discuss about one important battle at Spain, Battle Of Sagrajas that became begin from Africans Reign at Spain and end of Arabian Dominations at Spain. This battle, is one biggest battle at Spain when middle age. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that add your perspective about Islamic History.
Umayyad Dynasty at Spain/Andalusia weakened since 1008 AD, when Umayyad Caliph, Abd Malik Al-Muzhaffar killed by his brother, Abdurrahman Syanjul. According Historian Philip.K.Hitti, 21 years after this, many caliph coronated and ousted. Christian Kingdom Of Castille at Spain, have role at this chaos. At 1027 AD, Last Umayyad Caliph at Spain, Hisham II ousted and became rebel s hostage. After Umayyad s ruin, Muslims at Spain broke to several small states. Such as Jahwarid Dynasty at Cordova, Zirid Dynasty at Granada, that originated from Berber ( North African Natives) Nations and Abbad Dynasty ( ruled 1023-1091 AD) at Seville.
At this time, two Christian Kingdom at Spain, Leon and Castille can unite under King Alfonso VI, who also can united Galicia and Navarre Territories. Alfonso VI, thretaned Abbad Dynasty that under Al-Mutamid Ibn Ubbad ( ruled 1068-1091 AD). Alfonso tried to attack Abbad Dynasty. And, at Valencia, One Castille Knight, Rodrigo Diaz De Bivar / El Cid with his warriors from Castille make basic at Valencia and attack Abbad Dynasty.
Al-Mutamid ask helped from Yusuf Ibn Tashfin, Leader From Almoravid Dynasty. It is doing after Al-Mutamid talks with several Muslim Kings at Spain at a forum. At this forum, Al-Mutamid talk his idea for ask helped to Almoravid Dynasty, one Berber Dynasty that ruled many states at Africa, included Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Senegal, Kamerun, Nigeria, Gana, Benin, Sierra Leone, and other and can mentioned, at this time, Almoravid s territories achieve almost Africa. King Of Badajoz, Al-Mutawakkil Ibn Afthas and King Of Granada, Abdullah Ibn Balqin agree with Al-Mutamid s ideas.
Al-Mutawakkil ask Yusuf Ibn Tashfin for came to Spain with his army. Ibn Tashfin sail with 30.000 Muslims Army from Morocco to Spain. According Philip.K.Hitti, Ibn Tashfin bring 20.000 army and at 1086 AD, achieve South Spain. King Alfonso VI, at this time, collect 60.000 army that consist from Spanish, Frenchs, Italians, Germans and Britishs in 1 Europeans Coalition.
Ibn Tashfin ask Alfonso to convert to Islam, pay Jizyah ( tribute from Non Muslim to Muslim Goverment) or war. Alfonso choose war and at 23 October 1086 AD, Almoravid Army and Europeans Coalition face to face at Sagrajas/Zalaqa, near Badajoz, Spain. Ibn Tashfin can destroy Alfonso s army and remnant from Alfonso s army, only 100 warriors and 300 horses. Alfonso lost one foot and he back to Spain.
Ibn Tashfin, after Battle Of Sagrajas, back to North Africa and when he back to Africa, Muslim Kings at Spain fight for struggling power. And, at this time, Alfonso VI collect army for attack Muslim Territories at Spain.
Ibn Tashfin, back to Spain with strong army for united Muslim Kings at Spain, Almoravid Army, also preach at Spain for straighten lifestyle from Muslim Kings at Spain that deviate from Islamic Religion. Muslim Kings at Spain, ask helped to Christian Kings at North Spain for drive out Al-Moravid Dynasty. At 1090 AD, Ibn Tashfin lead his army to Spain and annexed Spain to Al-Moravid Dynasty after destroy Muslim Kingdoms at Spain.
At 1098 AD, Yusuf Ibn Tasfin defeat El-Cid at Battle Of Consugira and at 1102 AD, annexed City Of Valencia, El Cid s basic after El Cid die at 1099 AD. Al-Moravid Era became begin from Berber Dynasty that occupied Spain.
Refrences:
At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Arini, Nikma: Andalusia Pada Masa Pemerintahan Dinasti Al-Murabitun (1090-1147). Skripsi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2010 M.
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