Today, we will discuss about Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, founder from Hanbali Madzhab at Islamic History and also, scholar with firmness heart. He dont fear defense his argument, until threaten by Abbasid Caliphate Authority at this time. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us progress our blog that focuss educated people about Islamic History and Civilization. Ok, please read until end for get more informations about this topic.
He is Ahmad Ibn Hanbal Ibn Hilal. He born at Baghdad , Iraq , capital from Abbasid Dynasty , at 780 AD, when age of Abbasid Dynasty Era. His father is supporter from Abbasid Caliphate and Mayor Of Sarkhas. At his childhood, he popular as clever boy. He started studied Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Traditions from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam) at 16 years old. And, he went to Syria, Yemen, Morocco, Khorasan ( East Iran), Iran, and other for studied. He has several teachers, from them Sufyan Ibn Uyayna, Ibrahim Ibn Saad, Ismail Ibn Aliyya, and others. He also studied to Imam Shafii, founder from Shafii s Madzhab. According Writter Muhammad Ibn Sahroji., from Imam Shafii, he studied about Fiqh ( Islamic Law) and Ushul Fiqh ( basic from Fiqh). He get many influenced from Imam Shafii at his Fiqh minded.
Ahmad Ibn Hanbal became one scholar at Abbasid Dynasty Era. At this era, Islamic Intelectual dominated by Mutazila ( Sect Of Mutazila Philosophy). Mutazila, is sect than more prioritzing logica than Koran ( Islamic Holy Book ). . Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, doesnt received this. He think that Muslims must back to Koran and Hadiths. He thinks, Muslims must back to Medina Society at age of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. Because this, he argue that people cannot achieve their salvation by their selfs, except for follow Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. And, Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal press people for interpretated Islamic Revelation with strict method.
At 833 AD, Abbasid Caliph, al-Mamun, practising Mihnah ( judgement for scholars who dont follow Mutazilah s argument that Koran is creature). Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, rejected this persecution. Mutazila Community Leader at Baghdad , Ahmad Daud ask al-Mamun practising Mihnah and al-Mamun received his idea.
Governor Of Iraq under Abbasid Dynasty, Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim, talk with Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. Ahmad Ibn Hanbal get several questions, from their, are Koran is creature and are Allah have character. Ibn Hanbal answer Koran is not creature and Allah has character, as Allah mentioned at Koran ( Mutazila dont trust Allah has character). This dialog, moderated by Ishaq Ibn Ibrahim and joined with 30 scholars. Only Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and Muhammad Ibn Nuh dont received Mutazila s argument and they captured and sended to Caliph Mamun who at this time, at Tarsus, Turkey.According Muslim Historian, Ibn Kathir, Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Muhammad Ibn Nuh, and other scholars who dont received Mutazila s must walk to Tarsus with bound situation and under hotsun.
But, al-Mamun die when Ahmad Ibn Hanbal not yet achieve Tarsus. Next Abbasid Caliph, al-Mutasim ( ruled 833-842 AD), entered Ahmad Ibn Hanbal to jail. But, when at the jail, Ahmad Ibn Hanbal get many followers, from Muslims who dont agree with Mutazila. According Historian Harun Nasution, Ibn Hanbal doesnt fear to die when defending his argument.
According Ibn Kathir, al-Mamun s statement that confess Koran as creature according Mutazila s mind, is worsests mistake.
Al-Mutasim, also tortured Ahmad Ibn Hanbal at the jail. Until, Abbasid Dynasty lead by Caliph al-Mutawakkil ( ruled 847-861 AD) end Mihnah and he also make Ahmad Ibn Hanbal as his closefriend. Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal leave several works, such as Kitab at Tafsir that contained 120.000 Hadiths, and as-Sunan about Ahmad Ibn Hanbal s theological argument. He has several students, such as Abdullah Ibn Ahmad, his son , Abu Dawud as-Sijistani, and others. He die at 855 AD. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Nasution, Harun: Teologi Islam: Aliran aliran Sejarah Analisa Perbandingan, UI Press, 1978 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.
Sahroji, Muhammad Ibnu: Biografi Ahmad bin Hanbal (164-241 H/780-855 M): Ahli Hadis Rujukan Mazhab Hanbali | Bincang Syariah, accesed 19 April 2025, 10: 21 AM.
Komentar
Posting Komentar