Today, we will discuss about Ibn Khaldun,
Muslim Sociolog who became pioneer from Islamic History s methodology. He
write very important book about Islamic
History s methodology s concept, Muqaddimah and it is became important
book about Islamic History methodology until end. Read this article until end
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Ibn Khaldun born at Tunisia, at 1332 AD.
Ibn Khaldun, is descedant from Khaldun ibn Uthman, one Arabian from Hadhramaut,
Yemen, who came to Spain and he can build Khaldun clan at Spain and North
Africa and this clan, became popular
clan at this territories. His original name is Abdurrahman ibn Muhammad ibn
Khaldun. When he was child, he studied Koran to Ustad Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn
Saad ibn Burral al-Anshari.
Ibn Khaldun also studied Fiqh ( Islamic
Law) according School Of Maliki. He was studied several books that written by
Imam Malik, such as at-Tashil and Mukhtashar Ibn al-Hajib. He
also studied Arabic Literature. Ibn Khaldun s teacher at Arabic Literature is
Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Bahr and Ibn Khaldun s teacher at Fiqh is Abu
al-Qasim Ibn Khaldun, at 755 H, became
secretary for Sultan Abu Salim Marinid Dynasty Ruler at Tlemcen, Algeria.
Ibn Khaldun get big respect from Sultan
Abu Salim. He went to many places. At 764/5 H, he went to Castille, Spain, one
Christian Kingdom at Spain. He went to Spain for became diplomats at
negosiation beetwen Kingdom Of Castille and kings of al-Adwa. At 784 Hijriyya, Ibn Khaldun moved to Cairo,
Capital from Burji Mameluke Dynasty and he meet with Mameluke Sultan, Barquq.
Barquq make Ibn Khaldun as Qadhi ( Islamic Judge) from School Of Maliki.
According Ibn Khaldun at his memoir, Rihlah
Ibnu Khaldun, before became judge at Egypt, he visit Mameluke Territories
at Palestine, included City Of Jerusalem and Betlehem. He became Judge Of Egypt
replaced Nur addin ibn Khallal, Maliki Judge before him. And, at 1400 AD, Ibn
Khaldun became eyewitness from Mongols Invasion under Tamerlane to Syria that
ruled by Mameluke Dynasty.
According Ibn Khaldun, Tamerlane conquer
City Of Aleppo, Syria and destroy this city.Mameluke Sultan, Faraj, tried to faced
Tamerlane, and Tamerlane tried to captured Damascus, Syria. Mameluke Army
defeated after battle againt Tamerlane force at Damascus. According Ibn Khaldun,
at this invasion, Mongols Army can occupied several cities at Syria, such as Aleppo,
Hama, Homs,and also City Of Baalbek at Lebanon. Mongols Army destroy all cities
that mentioned by Ibn Khaldun.
And, Ibn Khaldun, also , write masterpiece
at Islamic History,book of Muqaddimah that he write, concise methodologies and
theories of Islamic History. This book, consist of lest than 1000 pages and
discuss Islamic History Methodology, social pole at Islamic History, basic of
sociology, and other.This book discuss many theories of Islamic History, such
as how one kingdom established and fall, and other. For get complete informations
about this topic, you can open this article:
Book
Recommendation: Mukaddimah by Ibn Khaldun.
Ibn Khaldun die at 1406 AD, and his book, Muqaddimah,
still became main refrences at Islamic History s methodology. May Allah Subhanahuwataala
bless him.
Refrences:
Khaldun, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Khaldun: Memoar
Perjalanan Bapak Sosiologi dan Filsafat Sejarah Paling Brilian Sepanjang
Sejarah, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.
-------------: Mukaddimah: Sebuah Karya
Mega Fenomenal dari Cendekiawan Muslim
Abad Pertengahan.Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs:
Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam,
Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
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