Maybe
at several Islamic History literature, 4 schools at Sunni Islam : Shafii, Hambali, Hanafi, and Maliki are
most popular school at Islamic History. But, Imam Dhahabi write one School that
maybe dont popular at Islamic History. School of Zhahiri, is one Sunni Islam
school that adherent by several scholars,such as Mundhir ibn Said and Yusuf ibn
Umar. And, also school that appear at Abbasid History Era. We will discuss
about founder from this school, Dawud ibn Khalaf . Please read this article
until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and
Civilizations. And, dont forget for read this article until end for get more
informations about this topic.
Zhahiri
School, established at 9 TH Century by One Persian Scholar from Isfahan, Iran, Dawud ibn Khalaf
al-Isfahani. He is son from one judge at Abbasid Dynasty. His father work to
Abbasid Caliph Al-Mamun. Dawud born at 815 AD. He studied Fiqh according Shafii
School to several scholars at this age. Such as Abu Saur Ibrahim ibn Khalid ibn
Yaman al-Kalbi and Ishaq ibn Rawaha. And also Sulayman ibn Harb, al-Qanabi,
Mohammad ibn Kathir al-Abdi, and Musaddad. From Ishaq ibn Rahawayh, Dawud
studied Al-Musnad and at-Tafsir. . Zhahiri School, popular
because this school dont used logic for find law. They also take law from Koran
( Islamic Holy Book) and Sunnah ( Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s
traditions). At several problems, this school received Ijma (
collective head) from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam s shahabas. Mentioned by Imam Dhahabi, Dawud write many
books.
According
Imam Dhahabi, Dawud ibn Khalaf is scholar who diligent at worship and also
simple. Dawud also has many students who at future became Fiqh Scholars. From
his students is his son, Muhammad. And also Zakaria as-Saji, Yusuf ibn Yaqub
ad-Dawudi al-Faqih, Abbas ibn Ahmad al-Mudhakkar, and other. And, Imam Dhahabi
also said: “ reason from Dawud more than his knowledge.” Dawud also became first leader from Zhahiri School. At his
council, exist 400 friends from Thailasan Akhdar, one man who fanatics at Shafii
School.
Scool
of Zhahiri, also achieve Andalusia ( Spain and Portugal) that at this tim under
Umayyad Dynasty. Many Scholar from Andalusia came to Baghdad , Iraq, Capital
from Abbasid Caliphate for studied to Dawud. From Baghdad, they spread Zhahiri
School to Spain. They also studied to
Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, founder from Hambali School. It is happened at era when many Schools at
Islam develop.
But,
popularity from Scholar of Zhahiri dont as other 4 schools. According Suryan.A.Jamrah, popularity from School of
Zhahiri at east defeated by School of Hambali. At west ( Andalusia), this
school develop by Ibn Hazm And, after die of Ib Hazm, this school also stopped
for progress at Andalusia. And, now, according Suryan A.Jamrah, School of
Zhahiri dont have many followers. And, according Republika, many Muslims
think that this school too rigid at Fiqh and hard to applicated.
Imam
Dhahabi, mentioned that he doesnt agree with Dawud s argument that refused Ijma.
Because Imam Dhahabi, argue that Ijma must followed by Muslims. And, he
said that Dawud s argument received , except that different with Ijma.
Dawud
die at 815 AD at Baghdad, Iraq. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Hitti,
Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang
Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Imam
ad-Dhahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala: Mutiara Kisah Pilihan Orang orang
Cemerlang Dalam Sejarah Islam ( edisi ringkas oleh DR.Sulaiman al-Asyqar),
Penerbit al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Jamrah,
Suryan.A.: Az-Zahiri,
Mazhab - Ensiklopedia Islam, accesed 29 October 2025, 05: 27 PM.
Sasongko,
Agung: Mengenal
Mahzab Az-Zahiri | Republika Online, accesed 29 October 2025, 05: 28 PM.
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