Story Of Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab: Scholar-Politician Who Became Founder Of Saudi Arabia

 

Source: alchetron.com.

Today, we will discuss about Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab, controvertial scholar-politician who found Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He also considered as pioneer from Wahhabism Ideology, though he doesnt considered his teaching with one name. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help our blog s development that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization s education for people. And , read this article until end for get complete informations about this topic.

Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab, is one controvertial scholar from Saudi Arabia at 18 TH Century. He born when Ottoman Empire s power at Middle East weakened. Jihad at-Turbani explained that at this time, Middle East full by many magic practics. According at-Turbani, at this age, at Najd, Saudi Arabia that became Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab s homeland, people pray to Zayd ibn Khattab s tomb . And at Hijaz, peoples only pray at Mosque of Nabawi, Medina, only 4 times ( not 5 times according Islamic rule). And, at Mecca, people doing ritual round tomb of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahabas. At Egypt, many people pray to tomb of Sayyid Badawi. At Iraq, people worship tomb from Hussayn ibn Ali, grandson from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. At Morocco, people pray to Tomb of Shaykh Abd Qadir al-Jilani.

At 1703 AD, at Desert of Najd, born Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab. His father, Abd Wahhab is one scholar at this time . He originated from Tribe of Tamim. And, he studied to City of Medina. From this teacher at Medina, are Shaykh Muhammad  Sulayman al-Kurdi and Shaykh Muhammad Hayat as-Sandi al-Hanafi. According Jihad at-Turbani, Muhammad Ibn Abd Wahhab show his intellingence with memorized Koran ( Islamic Holy Book). And, after studied at Mecca and Medina, he studied Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Traditions from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam ) at City of Bashra, Iraq. Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab, after studied, back to Najd for preach. He said that their traditions came to tombs pious and used tombs from pious as mediator to Allah is Paganism and Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab said we can pray to Allah Subhanahuwataala with direct method without mediators. His preach get resistance from Arabians at Najd.  Circa 1737 AD,  Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab get support from Ruler of Diriyya, Muhammad ibn Saud. Muhammad ibn Saud ask Shaykh Muhammad ibn Wahhab teach Islam to youngers at Diriyya.  According Tamim Ansary, Muhammad ibn Wahhab inspired by Ibn Taimiyya, one radical theolog from Syria who ask Muslims back to method that same with first Muslims ( Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and his shahabas) if they want achieve their glory.

Shaykh Muhammad teach many Islamic Studies at Diriyya. He teach Koran, Theology, Koran interpretation, Fiqh ( Islamic law), Arabic Language, history, and others. Shaykh Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab, also used military method to spread his teaching. Ibn Saud, has ambition to united Arabia Peninsula. Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab, give his ideology as legitimacy to Ibn Saud. Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab and Ibn Saud, doing expansion to Tribes at Najd. They ask Muslim tribes at Najd” convert to Islam “ according their ideology. If they reject, Ibn Saud s army will kill them.

This expansion, is begin from rise of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab also write book that popular with Kitab al-Tawhid  that became concise from his teaching. Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab also destroy dome from Tomb of Zayd ibn Khattab . He also send several Islamic Teacher to interior of Arabia. At 1766, Ibn Saud die and at 1792 AD, Muhammad ibn Abd Wahhab die. And, at future, Wahhabism became threat for Ottoman Empire until defeated by Ottoman Army under Muhammad Ali Pasha at 1815 AD.

Refrences:

At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.

Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.

Dahlan, Sayid Ahmad Zaini: Menolak Wahabi: Bantahan Kritis Atas Penyimpangan Ajaran Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah. Penerbit Turos.2022 M.