Today, we will discuss about Battle Of Ankara, that became first ruin from Ottoman Empire at 15 TH Century, but Ottoman can rise from his ruin and became big state several times after this battle. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us forward our blog.
Yildirim Bayezid Khan, became Ottoman Sultan from 1389-1402 AD. He replace his father, Sultan Murad II and he next Ottoman Expansion to Europe and Anatolia. Bayezid Khan , choose peace strategy to conquer Serbia. He married Olivera Despina, daughter from Lazar, King Of Serbia. Kingdom Of Serbia, with this marriage became Ottoman Subordinate. Bayezid , also take several Muslim Kingdoms at Anatolia, included Kingdom Of Aydin, Saruhan, Menteshe, Germiyan and Hamid. At 1390 AD, Kingdom Of Saruhan can occupied by Bayezid. Bayezid next his expansion to Europe. He conquer Albania and Bulgaria.
At 1396 AD, Bayezid defeat Crusader Coalition that consist from Kingdom Of Hungary, France, Venetia, Dutch, and other at Battle Of Nicopolis. At same year, Bayezid besieged Byzantine Empire Capital, Constantinople and he can make Constantinople hungry until several people at Constantinople walk out from city and ask protection from Ottoman Army. Ala Addin Ali, King Of Karaman at Anatolia tried to attack Bayezid from behind side. He attack one Ottoman Territories, City On Ankara and captured one Ottoman Officer, Timurtash Pasha. Ottoman Army under Bayezid attack Kingdom Of Karaman and conquer Karaman s capital, Konya after defeat Ala Addin and Ottoman Army can occupied City Of Konya. Many wheat from Konya sell by Konya s Civilians at out of city. Ottoman Army dont rob their wheat, but buy their wheat. Peoples Of Konya give their city to Ottoman Army.
But, Bayezid s expansion must faced other ruler, he is Tamerlane, Emperor from Timurid Dynasty. According 14 TH Century Muslim Historian, Ibn Khaldun , Tamerlane originated from Tribe Of Joktai at Transoxiana/ Central Asia. He attack Roman Territories ( Anatolia) and India and destroy many fortress at Anatolia. And, Tamerlane doing any robbery at territories that became his expansion s target.
For know about Tamerlane, you can open this article:
Tamerlane: Last Mongol Great Emperor.
And, conflict beetwen Bayezid and Tamerlane broke because Bayezid protect King Of Baghdad, Ahmed Jelayir and King Of Tabriz, Kara Yusuf who fear to Tamerlane s expansion. Tamerlane attack Ottoman Fortress at Sivas, at 1400 M. Many Ottoman Warriors die at this battle. At 1402 AD, Bayezid bring his army to Chubuq, near Ankara for faced Tamerlane. Ottoman Army consist from Ottoman Army and Serbian Army and also several Mongols Cavalry from Anatolia that became mercenaries at Ottoman Army. Many Mongols Cavalry at Ottoman Army, awol to Timurid Army because Tamerlane give him promise to they , they will became Rulers Of Anatolia if Tamerlane win this battle. and Bayezid defeated at this battle. Bayezid captured by Timurid Army. Tamerlane can occupied several cities at Anatolia, such as Nicae, Bursa, and several coastal cities. Anatolia can occupied by Mongols Army that located by Tamerlane and several Ottoman Territories at Europe, such as Bulgaria, Serbia, and Wallachia, separate from Ottoman Empire. Three Bayezid s sons, Suleiman, Isa and Mehmed I build their small kingdom. Suleiman found his sultanate at Edirne. Isa found sultanate at Bursa and Mehmed build his sultanate at Tokat and Amasya. Bayezid die at jail after became Tamerlane s hostage. Ottoman Sultanate dont rise after Mehmed I re united Ottoman Empire.
Refrences:
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Khaldun, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Khaldun: Memoar Perjalanan Bapak Sosiologi dan Filsafat Sejarah Paling Brilian Sepanjang Sejarah, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.
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