Osman Gazi: Founder Of Ottoman Dynasty.

 

Source: Malatyhaber.

Today, we will discuss about Osman Gazi, Founder Of Ottoman Dynasty who established Ottoman from small emirate at Anatolia. He begin his carrier with became subordinate from Seljuq Sultan, Giyaseddin Mesud II. And, he can defend Ottoman Empire that was established from Byzantine and Mongols Invasion. Ok, Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is easy verb for you but have big role for help us flow our blog.

Osman Gazi, born at Sogut, Turkey, at 1255 AD.  At 1284 AD, Osman Gazi became at Emir ( Governor) at Sogut, replaced his father, Erthugrul. He became Emir under Seljuq Sultanate. Seljuq Sultan, Giyaseddin Mesud II doesnt has son. He appointed Osman as crownprince because Osman s ability to lead. Osman married daughter from one Turkish Scholar, Shaykh Edebali, Malha Hatun.  Osman s goverment became origin from Ottoman Dynasty. 

Osman Gazi, fight at confrontation with Byzantine Empire and Mongols Empire. Osman, started his confrontation with Byzantine Empire with conquer Qarajahisar at 1288 AD from Byzantine Empire.  At 1289 AD, first Jumat Preach at Qarajahisar mentioned name of Osman Gazi. Osman Gazi, attack Byzantine Territories at Harmankaya.  Kose Mihail, Byzantine Governor  at Harmankaya, faced Osman bravely, but Osman  captured Kose Mihail, Byzantine and liberate Kose Mihail. Osman respect to Mihail s brave tought Mihail is his enemy. Mihail, next, fight at Osman s side.  At 1299 AD, Osman conquer Byzantine Territories At Yarhisar.

Ibn Batutta, 14 TH Moroccan Traveler, who visit Anatolia at Goverment Of Osman s son, Orhan, recorded at his notes, Osman Gazi ( Ibn Batutta call Othman Chuk) can captured Bursa from Greek Peoples ( Byzantine Empire). 

At 1302 AD. Byzantine Governors at Anatolia collect army for attack Ottoman Empire. But, at 1302 AD, at Battle Of Koyunhisar, Osman can destroy Byzantine Army.

At 1308 AD, Byzantine Emperor, Andronicus II give his sister for married by Mongol Emperor from Ilkhanid Dynasty, that have center at Persia. Really, at 1308 AD, Mongols Empire was annexed Seljuq Dynasty at Anatolia after die of Ghiyaseddin Mesud II. Mongols Empire send one general for control Anatolia and Osman Gazi, use this  oppurtunity to proclamated Ottoman Empire as independent goverment. Mongols Emperor collect 30.000 warriors for attack Ottoman Dynasty. Ilkhani Dynasty will pretend Ottoman s effort to became independent state. Byzantine Governors support Mongols Army. Osman send his son, Orkhan to attack Mongols Army and Mongols Army defeated. Ottoman Empire became independent state. Byzantine Governor at Bursa, Evronos, convert to Islam.

Kose Mihail, decide to convert to Islam and he replaced his name with Abdullah Mihail. He became Ottoman General and fight with Osman Gazi at several battle. Osman and Mihail conquer many territories such as Mekeje, Aqhisar, and Geyve. 

Not only conquer territories with military way, Osman Gazi also conquer territories with marriage strategy. He married daughter from Byzantine Governor at Yarhisar with his crownprince , Orhan who became sultan after him. This woman is Nilufer Khatun. Nilufer Khatun has 2 sons: Suleyman Pasha and Murad I from his marriage with Orhan. Because this, Ottoman Dynasty have Byzantine s blood and it is legitimate from their power at former Byzantine s territories.

At law, Osman Gazi also make Timar system. This system is Ottoman s  generals who show bravely at battle get feodal land that can inheritage to his son . As rewards, he must prepare warriors for number that determined by state for help state fight againt his enemy.

At 1326 AD, Osman die, before his die, Osman give advise to his successor, Orhan, his lovely son for obey Islamic Scholar s advise about religion. Osman burried at Gumushlu Kumbet, may Allah bless him.

Refrences:

Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Batutah, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Batutah: Catatan Perjalanan Sang Musafir Abad Pertengahan, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.