Today, we will discuss about Tamerlane, last Mongol Great Emperor who expand Mongol Empire Territories and defeat Ottoman Empire Army. Tamerlane, popular with his brutality, but at other side, he popular with his love to art and arcitechture. He is one controvertial character at Mongol Empire History. Ok, please read this article and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us supply our blog. Ok, happy reading.
Tamerlane ( also mentioned Timurlenk), is one Mongols Leader who appear at 14 TH Century. According Historian Tamim Ansary, Tamerlane is one Mongols Leader who use slaughtering as main battle strategy. Ibn Khaldun, one 14 TH Muslim Historian, write about Tamerlane. According Ibn Khaldun, Tamerlane is one prince from Tribes Of Joktai, one Mongol Tribes at Transoxiane ( Central Asia). According Uzbek Researcher, Ruzmetov Mirzabek, Tamerlane born at Kesh, Uzbekistan,.According Ibn Khaldun, Tamerlane start his reign at 780 H. Tamerlane, according Ibn Khaldun, expand his territories until all Mongol Territories . He also attack Territories Of Romans ( Anatolia, now East Turkey ) and India. He destroy all fortress even he entered one territories.
Tamerlane can captured many territories at Central Asia and other. At 1380 AD, he can conquer Kingdom Of Jata and Khawarizm. At 1381-1382 AD, Tamerlane can conquer several Territories Of Persia, such as Herat, Mashhad, Sabzavar, Astarabad, Sistan, and Mazandaran. At 1382 AD, he conquer City Of Moskow, Russia. And, at 1398 AD, he invaded India that under supremacy of Thuglaq Dynasty under Sultan Nashr Addin Mahmoud. He defeat Sultan Nashr Addin Mahmoud s army at 17 December 1398 AD. Tamerlane, found Timurid Dynasty and he became first king from this dynasty. Tamerlane, according Ibn Khaldun, also attack cities of Syria that under Mameluke Dynasty, such as Aleppo, Hama, Homsh, and Baalbek. Tamerlane s Invasion to Syria, happened at 1401 AD. City Of Aleppo destroyed and Historical Mosque at Damascus, Umayyad Mosque destroyed.
According Historian Tamim Ansary, Tamerlane doing expansion to Anatolia and India with great brutality . And, he kill many civilians. After this, he make pyramid from civilian s skulls. Many corpse spread at City Of Delhi, India.
But, Tamerlane also has civilization soul. He build Bibi Khanim Mosque at Samarqand, Uzbekistan. Stones that used or build this mosque, taken from Delhi, India with 90 elephants. City Of Samarqand, Uzbekistan as Tamerlane s capital, decorated by many beautiful mosques and buildings. Tamerlane, also popular as obedient Muslim and respect to scholar. When Ibn Khaldun,as representation from Mameluke Dynasty talk with Tamerlane about peace, Tamerlane respect him and they discussed several themes: Islamic History, Hadiths, and Fiqh.
At 1402 AD, Tamerlane attack Anatolia that under Ottoman Empire Supremacy. This conflict broke because several Anatolian Rulers that under Ottoman Empire ask helped to Tamerlane for attack Ottoman Empire. Tamerlane defeat Ottoman Sultan, Bayezid I at Battle Of Ankara and captured Bayezid I. Bayezid I imprisoned at Samarqand. After this, Tamerlane attack one Ottoman Important City, Bursa and he want to invaded China, but he die at 1404 AD, end his expand and his kingdom , Timurid Dynasty split into several small kingdoms at West Afghanistan.
Refrences:
Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
Khaldun, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Khaldun: Memoar Perjalanan Bapak Sosiologi dan Filsafat Sejarah Paling Brilian Sepanjang Sejarah, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.
Masruri, M. H. (2011). Politik Islam Mongolia: Mencermati Strategi Ekspansi Timur Lenk. el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam, 13(1), 82-96.
Mirzabek, R. (2023). The Education and History of Timur Lenk from Uzbekistan. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 3(2), 105-110.
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