Today, we will discuss about Musa Ibn Nushair, Conqueror Of Spain and North Africa who his life s ending is so sad. He became victim from political conflict at Umayyad Dynasty. How his conquest at Spain and North Africa and how he became victim from political conflict at his time. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History.
Musa Ibn Nushair is Iraqis. His father, Nushair originated from Iraq. At 7 TH Century, when Rashidun Army under Khalid Ibn Walid fight with Persian Army at Iraq, at City Of Ayn At-Tamr, Nushair became one hostages when he was child.Nushair, at this time is one Christian Child at Iraq.
Musa, born at 640 AD with name Abd Ar-Rahman Musa Ibn Nushayr. Nushayr became one Umayyad Dynasty s security guard and his son, Musa became Umayyad Governor at North Africa. At 704 AD, Musa Ibn Nushair became Umayyad Governor at North Africa , appointed by Umayyad Governor at Egypt, Abd Aziz Ibn Marwan, replaced Hassan Ibn Numan. According Historian Hugh Kennedy, Musa Ibn Nushair has good competention: He has power and intelengence, and also hardworker. Musa Ibn Nushair, decide to conquer remnant territories at North Africa, for keep Umayyad Caliphate s territories boundaries at North Africa. According Palestinian Historian, Jihad at-Turbani, at this time, many Berber Tribes ( Native Tribes Of North Africa) Rebellion to Umayyad Caliphate at North Africa. Many Berber tribes out from Islam Religion after they convert to Islam and rebel to Umayyad Caliphate. Musa Ibn Nushair, tried to handled id. He understand, factor from this rebellion is Berber Tribes cannot understand Islamic Teaching because they not yet understand Arabic Language that important for understanding Islamic Religion.
He bring many Islamic Teachers from Levant ( Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Jordan) and Yemen for teach Islam to several Berbers People who can speak in Arabic. And, after they studied Islam, several Berbers People who can speak at Arabic , teach Islam to Berbers Tribes with Berber Language. Many Berbers People can understanded Islam without hardness.
Musa Ibn Nushair, also conquer Thanjah /Tangier, one important territories at Algeria, North Africa. Musa Ibn Nushair, next conquest at remnant territories at North Africa. Musa conquer three big Berber Tribes: Huwwara, Zanata, and Kutama. At Tangier, Musa Ibn Nushair appointed Thariq Ibn Ziyad, Umayyad Commander who originated from Berber Tribe and was convert to Islam, to lead Umayyad Garrison at Tangier.
At 711 AD, happened conquest Of Spain/Andalusia. Julian, Byzantine Governor at Ceuta, Morocco. Julian, ask helped Thariq Ibn Ziyad for againt Roderick, King Of Visigoth Kingdom at Spain. This factor is Julian s daughter, Florida who studied at Spain, rapped by King Roderick untul pregnant.
At May 711 AD, Thariq Ibn Ziyad lead 12.000 army to attack Spain. Roderick and Visgoths Army faced them with 100.000 army, they fight face to face at Battle Of Guadelete. Roderick die and his army defeated. Thariq next his conquest to Cordova and Toledo at Spain. At 712 AD, Musa Ibn Nushair follow Thariq to Spain with 18.000 army. Musa conquer several small cities, such as Medina, Sidonia, and Carmona. Visigoths Army retreat from their territories after small battle and at 714 AD, Musa Ibn Nushair conquer City Of Zaragoza at Spain and build mosque at this place.
Unfortunately, at 715 AD, Umayyad Caliph, Al-Walid Ibn Abdul Malik call Musa and Thariq to Damascus, Syria, Caliphate Capital because Al-Walid, accuse Musa disobey to Umayyad Caliphate. Musa with his army leaved Spain and went to Damascus with bring spoils and Visigoth Hostages. When Musa achieved Tiberias, Palestine, he hear new that Caliph Al-Walid was sick and his successor, Sulayman Ibn Abd Malik ask him postpone arrival to Damasus until Sulayman s coronated . At February , 715 AD, when Sulayman coronated as caliph, Musa achieve Damascus and Visigoth Noblemens that became hostages, give honour to Caliph Sulayman. Musa also give Visigoth s treasures, included Propeth Sulaiman Alaihissalam s table to Caliph Sulayman. But, Caliph Sulayman doesnt respect to Musa.
Caliph Sulayman seized Musa s assets and also seized Musa s position. Musa became beggar at Wadil Qura, Hijaz, Saudi Arabia. At 97 H/716 AD, Musa Ibn Nushair die at Medina, Saudi Arabia. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.
Syaikh Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul Buldan: Penaklukkan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.
Kennedy, Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.
Al-Hafizh Ibnu Katsir: Perjalanan Hidup Empat Khalifah Rasul Yang Agung, Penerbit Darul Haq, 2012 M.
--------: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.
Nafisah, Zahrotun: Mengenal Musa bin Nushair Sang Penakluk Andalusia | Bincang Syariah, accesed 20 January 2025, 08: 54 AM.
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