Today, we will discuss about one from Ottoman Sultan, Murad II, who popular as great educator who prepared his son, Muhammad Al-Fatih/Mehmed II , for conquer Constantinople, Byzantine Capital City and realised Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s propechy about Muslim Conquest To Constantinople. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe our blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow this blog that add your perspective about Islamic History.
Sultan Murad II, is son from Sultan Mehmed I and he became Ottoman Sultan since 1421 AD. When Murad II became Ottoman Sultan, Byzantine Empire that have capital at Constantinople , that always became threatment for Ottoman Empire, doing provocative action for split Ottoman Empire.
Byzantine Emperor, Manuel support Murad to became Ottoman Sultan at Territories Of Anatolia and Manuel s son, John support One Ottoman Prince, Mustafa Celebi to became Sultan at Ottoman Territories at Europe. Byzantine Empire, can split Ottoman Empire into two states: Ottoman Dynasty at Europe and Ottoman Dynasty at Anatolia. At 1422 AD, Murad II can captured Mustafa Celebi as hostage.
At 1422 AD, Sultan Murad II besieged Constantinople. Emperor Manuel provocated Murad s brother, Ilyas who became prime minister for Mustafa , for make goverment at Iznik, Anatolia. Ilyas supported by small kings at Anatolia, such as Duke Of Karaman and Duke Of Germilyan. Murad II retreat from Constantinopla, attack Iznik and executed Mustafa Celebi.
Sultan Murad II, doing several conquest at East Europe, because several East Europe s Ruler such as Vlad Dracul, Ruler Of Wallachia and John Castrioti, Ruler Of Albania who attack Ottoman Territories. At 1430 AD, Sultan Murad II conquer City Of Thessalonike that under Republic Of Venice.
Kingdom Of Hungary under King Szigismund, support Duchy Of Karaman for attack Ottoman Empire. At 1434 AD, Ottoman Army defeat Szgismund and Hungary Army at Fortress Of Guverjinlik.
Sultan Murad II, also doesnt forgot educated his son, Mehmed II . According Palestinian Historian, Jihad at-Turbani, when he was child ,Mehmed II is nauty children and he lazy to studied. Murad II, ask one scholar, Mulla Al-Kaurani to educated his son. Sultan Murad II, give stick to Mulla Al-Kaurani for hit Mehmed II if he doing problem. Under supervison of Al-Kaurani, Mehmed II studied Koran (Islamic Holy Book). According Ottoman Historian, Mehmet Maksudoglu, Mehmed II was studied 6 languages and poetry.
At 1444 M, Ottoman Army defeated by Ladislas, King Of Hungary and Sultan Murad II agree peace covenant with Kingdom Of Hungary at 12 July 1444 AD. Sultan Murad II defeat Ibrahim Beg, Duke Of Karaman who attack Ottoman Empire. Ibrahim Beg , make peace covenant with Murad II. After this, Murad II retreat from his throne and give his throne to his son, Mehmed II. Sultan Mehmed II, still young at this time. Before this time, Mehmed II became Ottoman Duke at Manisa.
Knowing this, Cardinal Cesarini, Papal Deputy provocated King Ladislas to broke covenant and attack Ottoman Empire. Ladislas and his general, John Hunyad, make European Coalitions Army that consist from German, Hungaria, Wallachia, Bogdan and Venice to attack Ottoman Empire. They also get support from Byzantine Emperor , John Palaiologos and Duke Of Karaman. Sultan Mehmed II , call Sultan Murad II to lead Ottoman Army and faced European Coalitions. At 10 November 1444 AD, Sultan Murad II and Ottoman Army faced European Coalitions at Battle Of Varna. At begin of battle, Ottoman Army forced by European Coalitions Army. But, King Ladislas can kill by one Janissary (Ottoman Elite Amy), Hurzir, and it is make European Army mess.
At 1444 AD, after Battle Of Varna, Sultan Murad II retreat to his throne and Mehmed II became Duke Of Manisa. At 1448 AD, Murad II defeat Hungarian Army under John Hunyad at Battle Of Cosovo. According Maksudoglu, when became Ottoman Sultan, Sultan Murad II always treat his people with good treatment. He build Imaret ( Turkish: social institution that give food to poor people) and mosque at Bursa, Anatolia. He also build one school for studied Hadiths (Islamic Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam) at Edirne ( now part from Turkey). Murad II die at 1451 AD and replaced by his son, Mehmed II who realised Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s propechy to conquer Constantinople. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016
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