Today, we will discuss about al-Jabarti, one Modern Egypt Historian who begin Modern Arabic Historiography at Ottoman Empire s era. He popular as pioneer from Modern Arabic Historiography. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that focuss educate people about Islamic History and Civilization.
His full name is Abd Rahman Ibn Hassan al-Jabarti. He born at 1754 AD at Cairo, Egypt. He is Egyptian Historian who life at 3 political periods: Ottoman Goverment at Egypt until 1789 AD, Prancis Occupation at Egypt ( 1798-1801 AD) and age of Muhammad Ali Pasha s goverment , that started at 1805 AD.
His father, Hassan al-Jabarti, is one Islamic Scholar and expert at exact knowledge. Hassan, popular as man who has good relation with Ruler Of Egypt at this place. Abd Rahman, started his education at Madrasa ( Islamic School) as-Sananiya, Cairo. Usually, after back from the school, he studied Islam to his father.
Abd Rahman, take his college at Al-Azhar University and at Al-Azhar, he studied astronomy, mathematics, and also wisdom from his father. His father, die at 1179 H and he still 21 years old. After his father, Abd Rahman became one lecturer at Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abd Rahman, also teach at mosques and houses. Abd Rahman s life age, is not easy age. Happened struggle for Egypt beetwen many political powers at Egyp at this time.
When Ottoman Empire ruled by Sultan Selim III ( ruled 1789-1807 AD), happened event that change History Of Egypt. At 1789 AD, French Army under their emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte landed at Alexandria, Egypt and Ottoman Army under Bekir Pasha, Muras Beg and Ibrahim Beg defend Egypt with 30.000 best Ottoman Army. Napoleon can occupied Egypt and he next his invation to Syria and Palestine.
At 1801 AD, Ottoman Army can re occupied Egypt. France Occupation at Egypt, only run for 3 years. At this situation, Abd Rahman write book about History Of Egypt. This book, titled Ajaib al-Atsar fi al-Tarajim wa al-Akhbar ( amazing relics about figures biography and historical event). He also write other book, titled Mazhar at-Taqdis.
Ajaib al-Atsar, Abd Rahman s masterpiece, started from Muqaddimah ( introduction), next by events from 1099 H until 1236 H. Abd Rahman, used sources from many written sources, such as official documents, inscriptions, tombstone. From 1171 H and after this, sources by his memory because he experienced this age.
According Historian Badri Yatim, al-Jabarti s historiography has plus value from other historians. Because, he illustrated Egyptians Society completely and he used deep researchs for know historical events that he write. At his book, he also use high objectivity. He doesnt praise one rulers specifically. But, he take neutral attitude to rulers and also critist to Egyptian Rulers.
According Badri Yatim, his book is most complete book about History Of Egypt from 18-19 TH Century. And, this book translatted to French.. His other book, Mazhar at-Taqdis tell France s occupation at Egypt.
Abd Rahman al-Jabarti, is one historian who re turn on Arabic Historiography at Ottoman Empire s territories. Before his age, qualited history book write at Turkish Language, not Arabic Language. According Badri Yatim, Ottoman Empire s occupation at Arabia Peninsula Territories, erased Arabic Historiography at Arabia Peninsula.
At 1825 AD, al-Jabarti die. But, his step next by many Egypt Historians, such as Ismail Kashaf, al-Athar and also Rifaa Thahtawi. Arabic Historiography, back removed after step that doing by Abd Rahman al-Jabarti. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Yatim, DRS.H.Badri: Historiografi Islam, Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1997 M.
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