Today, we will discuss about Janissary, most popular Ottoman Elite Army that shaped by Sultan Orhan Gazi, second Ottoman Sultan and became most popular Ottoman Batalyon at many battles. This army, also have unique origin. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that educated people about Islamic History and Civilization.
Orhan Gazi, second Ottoman Sultan ( ruled 1326-1362 AD), make Ottoman regular army for first time. At era of first Ottoman Sultan, Osman Gazi ( ruled 1289-1326 AD), Ottoman Army only consist of several cavalry that contained militias from all Turkish Adult who can fight. Orhan Gazi, make Ottoman regular army that named Yaya, and consist of Turkish youngmans. Orhan, also make Ottoman Unite Cavalry that mentioned Musellem.
By advise from one scholar, Kara Rustam, Ottoman Empire at era of Orhan and his son, Murad I, recruited 1 from 5 warprisoners from European Christians for state. According Prof.Mehmet Maksudoglu, Ottoman Empire recruited several prisoners that consist of youngers and they must work at Turkish Villages and studied Turkish Language. After several year, they became Ottoman Elite Army that named by Janissary ( from Turkish Language Yeni Cheri/new unites).
According Islamic Study and Research Team Of Egypt, Orhan Gazi recruited several Byzantine Childrens who lost their parents at war and educated them with Islamic values and also martial arts.
According Maksudoglu, Janissary founded as Ottoman Unite Army at 1362 AD, at last year from Orhan Gazi s goverment. Murad I, son of Orhan Gazi, split into several unites that called by Orta and one Orta lead by Chorbaji. Janissary Commander, called by Yenicheri Agasi. They located at battle and at several Ottoman Fortress.
Janissary, became most important unite for Ottoman Empire. Janissary Unites, contributed to Ottoman Victory at many battles. As example, at Battle Of Varna 1444 AD, example when Ottoman Amy must faced Europeans Coalition that consist of Hungary, German, Herzegovina, Wallachia, Bogdan, Venice, and Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Janissary handled key role for Ottoman victory. Janissary Army assisted Ottoman Sultan, Murad II when Ottoman Army forced by European Coalitions and one Janissary Commander, Hurzir , kill King Of Hungary, Ladislas who lead Europeans Coalition and it is became factor from Europeans Coalition defeated.
At era of Sultan Sulayman Al-Qanuni ( ruled 1520-1566 AD), Janissary handled important role at Ottoman battles. At Battle Of Mohacs 1526 AD againt Europeans Coalition, Janissary Unites that occupy central Ottoman fleet with their artilery can destroy Europeans Coalition Army. At 1541 AD, when Charles V, King Of Spain lead European Navy attack Ottoman Territories at Algiers, Algeria, Janissary have big role to defeated Europeans Navy and make them retreat from Algeria.
From Era Of Sultan Murad III ( ruled 1574-1595 AD), Janissary suffered quality degradation. Janissay, that at Otoman early era, recruited by hard selection, suffered degradation because Murad III, one day held one big celebration for his son, Mehmed III s circumision. Several entertainer at this celebration, want recruited as Janissary Army and Murad III, recruited them as Janissary. One Janissary General, Ferhad resign for his position for shape of protest.
At 1622 AD, when Ottoman Empire started entered retrogression age, Janissary kill incompetent Ottoman Sultan , Osman II. About Osman II, you can open this article:
Osman II: Ottoman Sultan Who Ousted Because His Egoism.
According Afghan Historian, Tamim Ansary, Janissary suffered spoilage. Janissary Warrior , that at the beginning of Ottoman Age , dont get permission from mariage, started married and have children. Their children, can entered Janissary Unites more easy. According Ansary, it is make Janissary Army, dont also contained competent warrior, but also stupid peoples who their father are important people at Janissary Unite.
At 1826 AD, at Sultan Mahmud II s era, Janissary dissolved because they tried to rebel to Ottoman Empire. Until, Sultan Mahmud II slaughtered thm with Ottoman Artillery and exiled several remnant of Janissary. At this time, Janissary Unite ended.
Refrences:
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
Prasetyo, Tri Wahyu: Kemunculan dan Runtuhnya Janissari, Pasukan Elite Kekaisaran Ottoman - Semua Halaman - National Geographic, accesed 15 Febuary 2024, 10: 24 AM.
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