Today, we will discuss about ruin of Ottoman Empire because movement of Secularism at Turkey. This became end of Ottoman Empire and begin of Modern Turkey. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that add your perspective about Islamic History.
At 19 TH Century, Ottoman Empire suffered degradation and since their failed to conquer Vienna at 17 TH Century, Ottoman Empire stop doing expansion to Europe Continent. And, since this, Ottoman Empire started imitated western state at lifestyle, technology, and culture.
At 1865 AD, appear Movement Of Young Ottoman, that consisit from several youngers from Ottoman Society who dont agree to Ottoman Policy that inclined to Western Sides. Young Ottoman became goverment s opposite and at 1876 AD, Ottoman Sultan, Abd Aziz retreat from his throne and replaced by Sultan Abd Hamid II. According Historian Frial Ramadhan, Abd Hamid II run goverment with otoritarianis. Young Ottoman Organization, became opposite from Abd Hamid II s goverment. Abd Hamid II captured many Young Ottoman s activists, until many Young Ottoman Activist escaped to Cairo, Geneva, and Paris. Sultan Abd Hamid II, also captured many Islamic Scholars, who supported Young Ottoman.
Young Ottoman, with his organization, CUP ( Commite Of Union Progress), can ousted Sultan Abd Hamid II and Abd Hamid II, replaced by Mehmed V Resad ( ruled 1909-1918 AD). At 1914 AD, Mehmed V Resad declared Ottoman Empire join at World War I. Ottoman Empire besieged by many Europeans Country. British Provocated Greeks and Bulgars to fight againt Ottoman Empire. Russian Army forward to Territories Of Anatolia under Ottoman Empire, such as Tutuk, Malazgirt, and Van. At 1916 AD, British Army defeated by Ottoman Army at Battle Of Gallipoli.
At 1917 AD, British Army can occupied Bagdad at Iraq and also expand their territories to Gaza and Jerusalem, Palestine. At 1919 AD, Istanbul, Ottoman Capital City can conquered by British Allied Army. Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI Vahideddin, forced submit to Allied Army and Mehmed VI, only became symbol. Tree Ottoman Officer who bring Ottoman join World War I: Enver, Talat, and Cemal Pasha killed at 1921 AD.
Ottoman Territories , split into several territories that ruled by Western States. France managed North Syria and East Mediterranean. Italy get Southwest Of Anatolia. According Ottoman Historian, Prof.Dr. Mehmet Maksudoglu, Ottoman Empire lost of 3.000.000 peoples. According Prof.Dr.Mehmet Maksudoglu, Ottoman Empire was ruin at 1918 AD, when Covenant Of Mondros.
At this time, One Ottoman General, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, build new goverment at Ankara, Turkey that became origin from Republic Of Turkey. He defeat Greek Army at Battle Of Sakarya and at 1340 H, Greek Army must retreat from Anatolia and Thrace. Italy , as one allied army, retreat their army from Anatolia.
At 1922 AD, Ottoman still lead by Caliph Abd Majid II. At this time also, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk build Republic Of Turkey. He separate religion from state. And, from this policies is erase Arabic Language from Turkey and Adzan ( Muslim call for prayer), must in Turkish and not in Arabic. Since this event, Turkey became secular republic and Ottoman Empire, erased from world.
Refrences:
Ramadhan, Frial: Barat dan Keruntuhan Utsmani: Kajian mengenai interaksi dua peradaban, Penerbit Deepublish, Yogyakarta, 2016 M.
Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
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