We maybe ask: “how Crusade and Mongols Invasion weakened Islamic Knowledge"? And what impact from this disaster weakened Islamic Knowledge and civilization? At this article, we will read perspective by Ahmet Kuru, one Turkish Political Lecturer at San Diego University, USA. Ok, please read this article until end for get complete perspective about this topic and please subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for support us flow our blog that focuss educate people about Islamic History and Civilization.
According Ahmet T.Kuru, at his book: Islam, Otoritarianisme, dan Ketertinggalan that published by KPG ( Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia ) at 2021 AD, from 1095 AD to 1291 AD, broke disaster of Crusade. European Crusaders invaded Middle East and they can occupied several Middle East s cities, such as Antioch and Edessa at Turkey, Tripoly at Lebanon, Acre and Jerusalem at Palestine and around it. According Kuru, they blocked Sea Of Mediterranea for Muslim s Goverment. At 1187 AD, Founder Of Ayyubid Dynasty, Saladin ( ruled 1174-1193 AD), can captured Jerusalem from Crusader.
Other disaster is Mongols Invasion. Mongols Invasion to Islamic Territories, started by Genghis Khan , Founder Of Mongols Empire ( ruled 1206-1227 AD) who united Mongols People and attack North China. Genghis Khan attack several Islamic Cities, such as Herat Nishapur, Merv, and Rayy. According Ahmet.T.Kuru, Mongols Army doing slaughtering at Islamic Cities. Such as City Of Herat, they kill 2.400.000 civilians and at City Of Merv, they kill 1.300.000 civilians. They doing it when invaded Kingdom Of Khwarezmian at Central Asia. At 1258 AD, Hulagu Khan, grandson from Genghis Khan invaded Baghdad, Capital Of Abbasid Caliphate and at this time, Abbasid Caliphate fall and recorded, library of Baghdad destroyed and Mongols Army rob Baghdad and also slaughtered Baghdad s People.
Mongols Dynasty at Persia ( Illkhanate Dynasty) and at Central Asia ( Chagatai Dynasty) received Islam. But according Ahmet Kuru, this invasion leave significant impact, retrogression at Islamic Knowledge and Civilization. How?
According Kuru, Mongols and Crusaders destroy knowledge infrastructure . Such as Mongols burn schools and libraries. Crusader also like this. At 1109 AD, when attack City Of Tripoly, Lebanon, Crusaders burn prime library and also schools at Tripoly.
According Kuru, started from this time also, Muslims started leave knowledge. As example, Ibn Batutta s book, Rihla Ibn Batutta that written by Ibn Battuta ( life 1304-1369 AD), one Moroccan Muslim Traveller who was visit Africa, West Asia, Indonesia, and around it and recorded Islamic s geopolitic s expansion at this book, dont received by enthusiast by Muslims Society at this time. Philosophy s book, such as works by Ibn Rushd ( Averroes) and Ibn Khaldun.
At this time, Muslims Goverment more prioritzing military goverment and how strengthen military for protect state, than upgrade knowledge and civilization. It is important signal for Islamic Civilization s retrogression at this age. And, it is make Muslims People after this age dont have interest to knowledge such as at Abbasid Era ( 8-13 TH Century)when Islamic Knowledge achieve their summit.
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