Biographical dictionary, is one Islamic Historiography Method that used by several writter at Middle Age, such as Imam Dhahabi . Biographical dictionary, usually write about biography from several Islamic Figures with one classifications. For example, first book for discuss Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahabas s biography and second book for discuss about Islamic Scholar s biographies. This method, have this pioneer. He is Ibn Saad, for know more detailed about his biography, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilization.
Ibn Saad , has original name Muhammad Ibn Saad. He born at Bashra, Iraq, 168 H and die at Baghdad, Iraq, at 844 AD. He started his study with studied to al-Waqidi, one popular historian at his age. Al-Waqidi, is one Arabian Historian, who born at 748 AD and write book, titled Al-Maghazi, that discuss about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s battles. Ibn Saad studied to al-Waqidi, until he can became al-Waqidi s assistant and secretaries.
Not only study to al-Waqidi, Ibn Saad also studied from many scholars, such as Hashim Ibn Bashir, Ibn Uyainah, Waki Ibn al-Jarrah, Abdullah Ibn Numair, Ismail Ibn Ulayyan, and also Abu Mishar. They are expert at Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Traditions from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam).
Ibn Saad, such as his teacher, al-Waqidi, also became productive historian. He write many books. Most popular is Kitab Thabaqat al-Kabir ( the big book about ranks of figures) and Kitab at-Thabaqat as-Shagir ( the small book about ranks of figures). His work, at-Thabaqat al-Kabir , consist of 8 volumes. This book, that consist of 8 volumes, consist of biography about Propet Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam, Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahabas, Tabiin ( Islamic generation after shahabas), important womens from Islamic History, such as womens from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s family. Such as Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s wifes, daughters, and aunts. And, also womens from Tabiin s groups.
Ibn Saad, used primary documents for reconstructed one biography for one figures. For biography of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam, he write for two volumes book. He also used oral traditions for historical sources, primary at biography of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. He also write relation beetwen Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s story with story that popular at society at this time
Ibn Saad, also has many students. They are several scholars and historians at their age. They are Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Dunya, Al-Harith Ibn Usama, and also Baladhuri. Baladhuri, who die at 892 AD, and has full name Abu Jafar Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Daud al-Baladhuri, is one Muslim Historian, who became Palace Historian for Abbasid Caliphate and write one masterpiece, Futuhul Buldan, that tell about Islamic Conquest History from east to west. All good work from Baladhuri, included at scale of Ibn Saad, his teacher.
Ibn Saad, die at 844 AD, and his legacy can became refrences about early Islamic History until end, and many from his students became big scholar at their age. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Yatim, Badri: Historiografi Islam, Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1997 M.
Yatim, Badri: Ibnu Sa'd, Muhammad - Ensiklopedia Islam, accesed 4 March 2025, 14: 29 PM.
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