Today, we will discuss about Numan Ibn Muqarrin, Rashidun Commander at Conquest Of Iran from Sassanid Empire Of Persia. He is one Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s Shahaba who became commander at Rashidun Caliphate and die at Battle Of Nihavand for conquer Iran from Persian Territory. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization.
Numan Ibn Muqarrin, is one leader from Tribe Of Muzaina , near Medina, Saudi Arabia, when Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam moved from Mecca to Medina at 622 AD. Numan Ibn Muqarrin, meet Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam with assisted 10 cavalry from Tribe Of Muzaina. Numan and his tribes, convert to Islam at front at Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam.
Numan join Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam with Muslim Army for all battle for defend honour of Islam. When era of Caliph Abu Bakr as-Shidiq, first caliph from Rashidun Caliphate ( ruled 632-634 AD), Numan and his cavalry from Bani Muzaina join battle for handled rebellion that doing by apostate groups. When Caliph Umar Ibn Khattab ( ruled 634-644 AD) ruled as second caliph from Rashidun Caliphate, Numan handled important role at conquest s Sassanid Empire Territories . He became one military officer at Conquest Of Persia. This conquest, according Tamim Ansary, provocated by Sassanid Empire that send several intel for split Rashidun Caliphate Unite.
At 14 Hijriyya/634 AD, before broke Battle Of Qadisiyya beetwen Rashidun Army and Sassanid Army , Rashidun Commander at Battle Of Qadisiyya , Saad Ibn Abi Waqqash send several shahabas for preach to King Of Persia, Yazdgard III, beetwen from them, an-Numan Ibn Muqarrin. They persuated King Of Persia, Yazdgard III for convert to Islam. This effort failed. Broke Battle Of Qadisiyya at 634 AD, when Sassanid Army destroyed by Rashidun Army, and according Muslim Historian, Ibn Kathir, 100.000 Persian Army die at this battle.
At 17 H, Numan Ibn Muqarrin lead Rashidun Army defeat Persian Army under Commander Of Hormudhan at Battle Of Ramahurmuz, Iran . And also, Numan Ibn Muqarrin, lead Rashidun Army at Conquest Of Sous , Iran at same year. At this time, Leader Of Sous is Shariar, brother from Persian Commander, Hormudhan.
At 642 AD, broke Battle Of Nihavand beetwen Rashidun Army and Persian Army. Rashidun Army gather at Way Of Old Khorasan and according Historian Hugh Kennedy, numbered 30.000 army. According Abbasid Historian, Baladhuri, Persian Army numbered 60.000-100.000/ army under commander of ad-Darfisykabiyan ( according Ibn Kathir Firouzan). According Ibn Kathir, number from Persian Army achieved 150.000 army. According Baladhuri, Caliph Umar Ibn Khattab appointed Numan Ibn Muqarrin as commander from Rashidun Army. Numan Ibn Muqarrin used hit and run tactic. His front army will attack Castle Of Nihavand, Persian Army s basic and run after this short attack. Persian Army out from castle for chased this army. An-Numan and his prime army attack Persian Army at this event. Battle broke, and according Historian Ibn Kathir, land of Nihavand smooth because blood. An-Numan s horse fall and Numan thrown from his horse.
One Persian Warrior shoot his arrow to Numan and this arrow stuttgart at Numan s stomach. At this battle, Numan die and Rashidun Army lead by Hudhaifa Ibn al-Yaman. Under commander of Hudhaifa Ibn Yaman, Rashidun Army can win this battle.
For know about biography of Hudhaifa Ibn Yaman, you can access this article:
Hudhaifa Ibn al-Yaman: Islamic First Spy.
Caliph Umar Ibn Khattab, hear news of Numan die, cried. According Ibn Kathir, at this battle, from Rashidun Army , die Thulaiha al-Asadi, Numan Ibn Muqarrin, and Amr Ibn Madi Karib az-Zubaydi. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Basya, DR,.Abdurrahman Rafat: Sirah Sahabat: Kisah Indah dan Sejarah Gemilang Generasi Terbaik Umat Ini, Pustaka Al-Haura, 2012 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Al-Hafizh Ibnu Katsir: Perjalanan Hidup Empat Khalifah Rasul Yang Agung, Penerbit Darul Haq, 2012 M.
Syaikh Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul Buldan: Penaklukkan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.
Kennedy, Hugh: Penaklukan Muslim Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.
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