Today, we will discuss about history from ethnographical method and how this method flow for age to age and how his progress until modern age. Please read this article until end for get complete understanding about this topic. And, subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you but have big role for help us flow our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization. Ok, lets read it.
Ethnograpichal method, as originally, was started by Islamic Scholar. Moroccan Scholar, Ibn Batutta, example, one Islamic Scholar at 14 TH Century, write his journey around the world at this book, Rihla Ibn Batutta, at this book, Ibn Batutta write about several nations that he find at journey , included at Middle East, Egypt, Anatolia, and other. And, he also write about tradition at place that he visited it. Tunisian Scholar, Ibn Khaldun ( die 1406 AD) , write at this book, Muqaddimah, anout Islamic Political and Society Tradition at 14 TH Century. And, it is included begin of ethnographical study at Middle Age. Ibn Batutta and Ibn Khaldun, can considered as middle age ethnographer from Islamic World. Ibn Khaldun s work, Muqaddimah , was recorded Islamic Society at Middle Age, included their political system, their social life, and other.
Rise of ethnographical s studies at modern world, dont can removed from antrophology. Antrophology, appear at 20 TH Century with several figures such as LH Morgan, James Frazer, and EB Taylor. This studies, at begin have plan for find informations about several tribes at the world with refrencrs notes from travelers, colonial employees, and other. Ethnograpical method, appear at 19 TH Century. One begin ethnographer researcher , are WHR Rivers from England and Franz Boas from United States Of America. Boas doing several research to People Of Eskimos and Indians at North America. Boas s popular work is Jessup North Pacific Expedition (1879-1902 AD). At this period, ethnographers originated from flow of Rivers ( difusionism) and Boas ( culturehistory).
And, modern ethnography appear at 1915-1925 AD. Modern ethnography, pioneering by two British Antropolog, AR.Radcliffe Brown and Bronislaw Malinowski. According DR.Amri Marzali, their style are dont give many attention to history how one society flow, but focuss at life that running by this society today. According Malinowski, ethnographical study s p;an is grasp the native s point of view, his relation to life, to realise his vision and his world. At 1960, appear new ethnography. New ethnography , focuss at internal organization from one tribe and from new ethnography s figure are Ward Goodenough and also James P.Spradley . Spradley, emphasize deep interview at ethnographical research. Spradley, definited culture as knowledge system that get by human by their study process and they used it for interpreted world and also they used it for make behavioral s strategy. Spradley emphasize, best for studied ethnography is doing ethnographical research.
Refrences:
Batutah, Ibnu: Rihlah Ibnu Batutah: Catatan Perjalanan Sang Musafir Abad Pertengahan, Penerbit Alvabet, 2023 M.
Khaldun, Ibnu: Mukaddimah: Sebuah Karya Mega Fenomenal dari Cendekiawan Muslim Abad Pertengahan, Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Marzali, Amri: Kata Pengantar, dalam buku Metode Etnografi oleh James P.Spradley, Penerbit Tiara Wacana, 2007 M.
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