At this article, we will discuss, why Abdullah Ibn Zubayr, one young Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahaba rebel to Umayyad Dynasty?. The article will explained why Abdullah Ibn Zubayr rebel to Umayyad Dynasty. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization education. And, dont forget, read this article until end for get complete informations about this topic.
At 661 AD, after die of Ali Ibn Ali Thalib, Hassan Ibn Ali, son of Ali, became transition caliph beetwen Rashidun and Umayyad age. At same time, Hassan submit his reign to Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan, Ali s political rival for avoid conflict. Muawiya, coronated as first Umayyad Caliph at Jerusalem, Palestine. When Muawiya became Umayyad Caliph, Abdullah Ibn Zubayr, stay at Medina. But, when Muawiya replaced by his son, Yazid, resistance appear from Abdullah Ibn Zubayr. Yazid, according Historian Philip.K.Hitti, love luxury lifestyle and it is make Abdullah angry. Many Arabians at Hijaz ( now Saudi Arabia territory included Mecca and Medina) . At 683 AD, Yazid send Umayyad Army under Commander Muslim Ibn Uqba to Medina for eliminated Abdullah Ibn Zubayr. At Yazid s army, also join several Syrian Christian Warrior. They attack Medina and clash with Abdullah Ibn Zubayr s army.
Happened battle for 3 days. Umayyad Army also moved to Mecca. Muslim Ibn Uqba die at this expedition and replaced by al-Husayn Ibn Numayr al-Sakini who bombard Mosque Of al-Haram with catapults and at 27 November 683 AD, Yazid die and Ibn Numayr must back to Syria, Umayyad Dynasty s basic, because Umayyad dynasty s basic located at Damascus, Syria and Ibn Numayr fear broke chaos at Syria. This battle became factor Medina became destroyed and Kabah , Islamic Holy Site at Mecca, also fired.
Abdullah Ibn Zubayr, became caliph at Hijaz and Iraq. And , also at several territories at Syria, South Arabia, Egypt, and also , he appointed ad-Dhahak Ibn Qays as Governor Of Damascus under his goverment. At 684 AD, ad-Dhahak defeated by Tribe Of Kalbs, one Yemen Tribe that migrated to Syria and support Umayyad Goverment. Umayyad Caliph at this time, Muawiya Ibn Yazid ) ruled 683-684 AD), easy to sick and incompetent. He replaced by one strong nobleman from Umayyad Family, Marwan Ibn Hakam, cousin from Uthman Ibn Affan. Marwan Ibn Hakam, defeated Dhahak and Abdullah Ibn Zubayr s army at Marj Rahit, North Damascus, at 684 AD, and also he can consolide his power at Syria and Palestina. Marwan also conquer Egypt from Abdullah Ibn Zubayr s goverment. Arabians at Hijaz, give resistance to Marwan. At 685 AD, Marwan die and replaced by his son, Abd al-Malik.
Abd al-Malik, must faced Abdullah s brother, Mushab Ibn Zubayr. Mushab, at 687 AD, can conquer City Of Kufa. One chief from Tribe Of Judham at Palestine also support Abdullah Ibn Zubayr s side. At 691 AD, Mushab Ibn Zubayr defeated againt Abd Malik. Abd Malik , after defeat Mushab Ibn Zubayr, send his commander, al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf with 2000 Syrians Army for attack Mecca and defeat Abdullah Ibn Zubayr. Until 692 AD, Umayyad Army besieged Mecca and Abdullah Ibn Zubayr executed die at this event by Umayyad Army. Abd Malik Ibn Marwan, can re united Umayyad Dynasty and stopped civil war.
Abdullah Ibn Zubayr, according Philip.K.Hitti, is last guardian of old Islamic Tradition at Hijaz. He is one opositer to Umayyad Dynasty , who dont love Umayyad Dynasty s glamour lifestyle at this time.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Donner, Fred.M.: Muhammad dan Umat Beriman: Asal-Usul Islam, Penerbit PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2015 M.
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