End Of Umayyad Dynasty Supremacy.

 

Source: Foreign Exchange.

Today, we will discuss about end of Umayyad Dynasty supremacy at 750 AD. We will discuss how this big dynasty ruined and from where appear Abbasid Dynasty as new power that replaced his dynasty. Ok, please read this article until end for get complete informations about this topic and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History  and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that focuss educated people about Islamic History and Civilization. Ok, lets start it.

At his end era, Umayyad Dynasty suffered disintegration at his goverment body. Umayyad Goverment, discriminated their Persian citizens with different threatment from Arabians. And, Persians considered as Mawla ( Arabic: former of slave). And, though they was convert to Islam, they dont free from tax that special for Non Muslims. And, many from them are Shia and Shia became one ideology that became identity for Persian s rebellion. And, from Persian rebels, exist one group that named by Abbasid that lead by Abu al-Abbas, great grandson from Abbas, uncle from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. Abu al Abbas used Islamic Revolutioner ideology for againt Umayyad Dynasty.

At this time, Umayyad Dynasty lead by Caliph Marwan II, that titled by al-Himar ( the donkey), because he doesnt patient man . At 747 AD, rebellion started that Abu Muslim, one Persian former slave from Abbasid supporters, lead coalition army that consist of Yemenid Tribes Of Azd, Persian Farmers, and Non Arabs rebels. They can entered City Of Merv and Umayyad Governor at Khorasan ( East Iran), Nashr Ibn Sayyar ask helped from Caliph Marwan II. Marwan II doesnt give helped because he busy faced rebellion at Palestine and Syria.  Marwan II must fight againt Syrian and Kharijites Rebels.  At 749 AD, Abbasid Rebels captured Merv, Capital Of Khorasan and Kufa, Iraq from Umayyad Dynasty.

 At 30 October 748 AD, Abu al Abbas was confessed as caliph with title as-Safa.  At January 750 AD,  Marwan II with 12.000 army moved from Harran to River Of Zab for faced Abbasid Army that lead by Abdullah Ali, Abu al Abbas s uncle.  According Ibn Kathir, Syrian Midle Age Historian, Marwan II bring 150.000 army and Abdullah Ibn Ali only bring 20.000 army.  Battle broke, Umayyad Army that consist from Syrian Army defeated and they chased by Abbasid Army.  Marwan and remnant of Umayyad Army escaped from the battle.  Abdullah Ibn Ali can occupied Damascus, capital from Umayyad Dynasty. Many People Of Syria that killed by Abbasid Army. When entered Damascus, according Ibn Kathir, Abdullah Ibn Ali destroy tomb of Umayyad Caliphs. He dig Umayyad Caliph s tombs.  Abdullah Ibn Ali dig tomb from Umayyad Caliph Hisham Ibn Abd Malik and burn Hisham s body.  Abdullah Ibn Ali chase all Umayyad Noblemens and kill them until can kill 92 Umayyad Noblemens at one day.

Abdullah Ibn Ali, Commander Of Abbasid Army kill them at river at Ramlah, Palestine. Abu al Abbas command his amy for chase Marwan II. Marwan II at this time, escaped to  Egypt and he hid at Egypt.  He chased by Abbasid Army. But, Marwan II killed at hand of one civilian from Kufa, Iraq. He die at this place. According Ibn Kathir, many Historians s argument about his age when killed. Several Historians  said he killed at age of 46, 58, 40, and several argue he die at 80 years old. Wallahualam Bishawab. With die of Marwan, ended Umayyad Dynasty s era that ruled  from 661-750 AD and replaced with Abbasid Dynasty that ruled from 750-1258 AD. Next, one save Umayyad Prince, Abdurrahman ad Dakhil, build new Umayyad branch at Andalusia ( Spain and Portugal), and his biography was we discuss at this article:
Abdurrahman Ad-Dakhil: First Umayyad Caliph At Spain.

Refrence:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.