Today, we will discuss about Kingdom of
Sheba, Pre Islamic History Kingdom at Yemen. And, we will search, how Yemen s cultural
and historical assets before came of Islam?. Ok, please read this article until
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According Philip.K.Hitti, Kingdom Of Sheba
ruled South Arabia from 750-115 BC and Ruler Of Sheba, get title as Mukarrib.
Two Sheba s ruler that written at notes of Assyrian History from Sargon II, are
Yatsamar and Kariba. They ruled at 8 -7
TH BC Century. At his glory time, Kingdom Of Sheba expand his territories to
all South Arabia and can make their neighbour, Kingdom Of Minea as vassal. Kingdom Of Saba worship to Almaqah, god of
moon. One archaeological sites that became proof from this religion is Temple Of Kharriba that this capacity
achieve 100 mens. One inscription at this temple, explained that this structure builded by Yadail, one
Mukarrib.
At second period from Kingdom Of Shebe ( 610-115 BC), capital from
this kingdom located at Marib, east of Shanaa. This city is point from trade routes that stretch from Mediterranean
ports, included Gaza, Palestine. Other architecture work that originated from
Kingdom Of Sheba is Dumb Of Maarib. This dumb, builded by Sumhualay Yanuf and
Yathamar Bayyin at 7 TH Century BC.
According Philip.K.Hitti, Sheba is one nations
at Arabia Peninsula that popular with their misks. At this time, production
center for misks exist at Hadhramaut, South Arabia. Strabo, one Roman Writter
said , that South Arabia at this time stand luxury with luxury buildings.
According Historian Isawati, under Kingdom Of Sheba, Yemen became wealth nation
and Maarib dumb at Yemen, can stem rains
for 3 months. And, this dumb have many doors that can open and closed according
budget and water from this dumb, streamed
to several channels.
At 1200-an BC, when Hebrew Kingdom at
Palestine lead by Propeth Sulayman Alaihissalam, Kingdom Of Sheba under Queen
Bilqis send gift to Propeth Sulayman Alaihissalam. Kingdom Of Sheba, after era
of Queen Bilqis, carried away at luxury and disobey religion s teaching until
they get great flood that destroy City Of Maarib, their capital. According
Historian Isawati, this is because they dont keep Dum Of Maarib. Peoples at Maarib,
moved to several territories at Arabia Peninsula. Story from ruin Of
Maarib can readed at Koran ( Islamic Holy Book), located at Surah
Saba verses 15-17. For get full version from this surah, you can access this
link:
Surah Saba - 1-54 - Quran.com
At 115 BC, Kingdom Of Sheba exitension
ended and at 115 BC also, came new nations , Himyar from highland at Southwest of Yemen and Sheba s territories
fall into Himyar Nations. Became signal new era of Yemen History.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif
Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Isawati, MA: Sejarah Timur Tengah (
Sejarah Asia Barat) Jilid 1: Dari Peradaban Kuno Sampai Krisis Teluk 1, Penerbit
Ombak, 2012 M.
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