Today, we will discuss about Umayyad Dynasty
s trial to conquer Constantinople at 669 AD and also 717 AD that became first
trial for Muslim Goverment for conquer this city that became capital of
Byzantine Empire. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog
for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb
for you, but have big role for support us develop our blog that focuss at
Islamic History and Civilization Education.
First trial for conquer Constantinople,
doing at 669 AD by Umayyad first caliph, Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan. Muawiya ibn
Abi Sufyan send his son, Yazid as commander with Umayyad Army that consist from
Syrian Warriors. Yazid send by his father to help other Umayyad Commander,
Fadhala ibn Ubayd al-Anshari. At this event, Byzantine Empire lead by Emperor
Constantine IV ( ruled 668-685 AD). According Theopanes, Byzantine Christian
Historian, Umayyad Army can achieve Territories Of Thrace. And, Yazid Ibn
Muawiya with Umayyad Army fight againt Byzantine Army from April to September. Many
Umayyad Army die, and Umayyad Army forced retreat. Their navy attacked by storm
and also many Umayyad Ships burned because new Byzantine s weapon, Greekfire.
Umayyad Army retreat after battle at sea and terrain.
At 717 AD, happened second Umayyad Siege
to Constantinople. At this era, Umayyad
Dynasty lead by Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd Malik. Umayyad Army, at this moment,
lead by Commander Maslama ibn Abd Malik with 200.000 warriors. Maslama ibn Abd Malik and his army achieve
Anatolia. At Anatolia, they meet one Byzantine Commander, Leo. Leo make
alliance with Maslama for entered Constantinople and ousted Byzantine Emperor,
Theodosius III, and after this, submit Constantinople to Umayyad Caliphate. Leo
and his army moved to Constantinople and rebel to Emperor Theodosius III. After occupied Constantinople, Leo strengthen
Wall Of Constantinople and prepare to faced Umayyad Army. Maslama, know this plan, moved to Thrace wih his army. Byzantine Army
used several ships with fire weapons for faced Umayyad Dynasty Army and Umayyad
ships went from Africa and Egypt for help Umayyad Army at Constantinople. Umayyad Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd Malik went to
Constantinople with one big navy full of warships. And, Maslama moved his army
from Pylai to Nicae. At this event, Maslama attacked by Byzantine Army at this
territories that consist from Mardaite Warriors.
At this army, several Umayyad s ship s
crew from Egypt entered Constantinople and ask protection from Emperor Leo.
Mardaite Army attack Umayyad Army at one place that not far from Libos and
Sophon. And, Byzantine Navy helped with several fishermen s ships that went for
get food supplies. Umayyad Army suffered famine. Until, according Lebanese
Historian, Hussam Itani, they forced eat from thei animals, such as camels,
horses, and donkeys. They also eat corpse of their friends. According Hussam Itani, quoted from account of
Michael the Syrian, Umayyad Army trapped at hard situation. They must faced
Garrison Of Constantinople and also Bulgarian Army that helped Byzantine Army.
When Caliph Sulayman die and replaced by Caliph Umar ibn Abd Aziz ( ruled
717-720 AD). Caliph Umar ibn Abd Aziz send command to Maslama ibn Abd Malik for
retreat from battlefield.
Umayyad Army tidy their camps and prepared
for back. At this time, Byzantine Army attack
Umayyad Army and many Umayyad Army die.
According Hussam Itani, only small from
Umayyad Army who can back from Constantinople. This event became event that
standardize Umayyad and Byzantine s territories s boundaries.
Refrences:
Hitti,
Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang
Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Itani, Hussam: Penaklukan Muslim Di Mata
Bangsa Taklukan, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.
Pulungan, J.Suyuti: Umar Bin Abdul Aziz -
Ensiklopedia Islam, accesed 27 June 2025, 10: 09 AM.
Komentar
Posting Komentar