Today, we will discuss about one Umayyad
Commander who conquer North Africa. He is conquer Atlas Mountain Territories
and was expand Umayyad Territories to North Africa. How his role at Conquest Of
North Africa?. And, how his controvertial policy when became Umayyad Governor
at North Africa?. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog
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Uqba Ibn Nafi, born at Mecca, Saudi
Arabia, one year before Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam moved
from Mecca to Medina. Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam moved to
Medina at 622 AD. So, maybe , Uqba born at 621 AD. He born from Clan Of Fihr,
one branch tribe from Quraish Tribe. At
642 AD, at era of Caliph Umar Ibn Khattab s goverment s era, Uqba join Rashidun Army Commander Amr Ibn Ash at
expedition to conquer Oase Of Zuwayla. Uqba Ibn Nafi achieved Ghadamis , at Dessert
Of Libya and make relation with Tribe Of
Luwata, one branch tribe from Berber Tribes ( native of North Africa). Uqba Ibn Nafi still at Barqa and Zuwayla at
Libya and he gathered with several Berber Peoples who was convert to Islam.
At 661 AD, Umayyad Caliphate established
with Damascus as capital and Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan as first caliph. At 670 AD,
Muawiya appointed Uqba as Umayyad Governor at North Africa. He will doing
invasion to Ifriqiyya ( Modern Tunisia) . Byzantine Empire, at this era, cannot
defend his territories at Ifriqiyya. Byzantine
Emperor, Constantine IV ( ruled 668-688 AD) must faced rebellion at Sicily. And, Uqba bring 10.000 cavalry from Arabians
and also Berber Warriors from Tribe Of Luwata who was convert to Islam. According 14 TH Geographer, Yaqut al-Hamawi,
who quoted by Hugh Kennedy, Uqba went to Ifriqiyya, and doing conquest with
sword. Uqba spread Islam with sword, until many Berber Peoples at Ifriqiyya
convert to Islam. Uqba also build new city at Ifriqiyya, Kairouan/Qayrawan for
his army s basic after conquer Fortress Of Qayrawan, near city location. At 675 AD, Uqba captured by his sucessor, Abu
Muhajir and Uqba bring himself to Damascus.
According Hugh Kennedy, Abu Muhajir doesnt
Arabian. He maybe Coptic, Greek, or Berber. He bring new army from Egypt and Abu
Muhajir became new Governor at North Africa. He defeat one biggest Berber King
from Tribe Of Awraba, Kusayla and can invited Kusayla convert to Islam.Kusayla
convert to Islam and became Abu Muhajir s ally. According Fred Donner, at this era, Arabian
Muslims and also Berber peoples from Tribe Of Awraba under Kusayla life with
peace.
Abu Muhajir and Kusayla can conquer
Tlemcen, one city at Algeria. At 680 AD, Caliph Muawiya die and replaced by his
son, Yazid. Yazid return Uqba for became Umayyad Governor at North Africa and
Uqba captured and bounded Abu Muhajir. Abu Muhajir ask Uqba threat Kusayla with good
threatment, but Uqba rejected it. According Fred Donner, it is became factor from
war beetwen Umayyad Army and Berber Tribes. According Islamic History and Research Team Of
Egypt, Uqba detain Abu Muhajir and also captured and mocked Kusayla.
Kusayla rebels to Umayyad Dynasty and lead
Berbers Army for rebels. At other side, Uqba attack City Of Baghaya and defeat
Byzantine Army at Mountain Of Aures. He also defeat Byzantine-Berber Army at
Monaster. Uqba s conquest, achieve Mountain Of Atlas. Uqba also kidnapped several Berber ladies and
sell them at slaves market at Near East.
According Kennedy, it is provocated Berber Tribes for hated Islam.
Kusayla rebel to Uqba Ibn Nafi with helped from Byzantine Empire.
At 63 Hijriyya, Kusayla doing rebellion to
Umayyad Goverment at North Africa. Kusayla defeat Umayyad Army at Battle Of Tahuda
that at this battle, Uqba die. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him. At 64 H/684 AD, Kusayla conquer Kairouan and
became Governor Of Kairouan. Until 688 AD, Kusayla lead Kairouan , until at 688
AD, Umayyad Caliph, Abdul Malik Ibn Marwan
send Commander Zuhayr Ibn Qais for re captured Kairouan. Kairouan can
recaptured by Umayyad Dynasty and Kusayla die at battle againt Zuhayr Ibn Qais.
Refrences:
Syaikh Al-Baladzuri: Futuhul Buldan: Penaklukkan Negeri-negeri dari Fathu
Makkah Sampai Negeri Sind, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2015 M.
Kennedy, Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim Yang
Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi
Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Donner, Fred.M.: Muhammad dan Umat
Beriman: Asal-Usul Islam, Penerbit PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2015 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs:
Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam,
Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Hijazi, Abu Tariq: Uqba bin Nafe: The conqueror of
Africa | Arab News, accesed 12 June
2025, 08: 30 AM.
Lathief, Abdul: Mengenal
Abu Muhajir Dinar: Politisi Ulung Penakluk Aljazair | Bincang Syariah,
accesed 12 June 2025, 08: 38 AM.
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