Title
of Amir al-Mukminin is title that used at Rashidun Caliphate for call
caliph. And, this mean is commander from believer. But, at era of Propeth
Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam, one shahaba, Abdullah ibn Jahshy,
titled by Amir al-Mukminin because he lead one first army at Islamic History.
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Abdullah
ibn Jahshy, life at 7 TH Century. He is brother in law from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam because his sister, Zaynab bin Jahshy is one wife from
Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. Abdullah, is one shahaba who
get tortured and distrub at Mecca from
Pagan Quraish because convert to Islam. He join several shahabas moved to
Ethiopia at 615 AD and moved to Medina with Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi
Wasallam at 622 AD. When Abdullah
moved to Medina, many his family join him. His sisters and his brothers.
And,
when Abdullah was stay at Medina, one Pagan Quraish Leader, Abu Jahal, rob
assets at Abdullah s house that still at Mecca. Know thi, Abdullah ibn Jahshy
tell it to Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam. Propeth Muhammad promise that Abdullah will get house at
paradise. Abdullah feel have fun after hear this.
Abdullah
still stay at City of Medina with Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam.
Until second year of Hijriyya/ 623 AD. Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi
Wasallam send several army for defend Medina that was became Muslim s basic
from Pagan Quraish s disturb. Abdullah, get command from Propeth Muhammad for
lead army that consist from 8 shahabas for get news about Pagan Quraish s
movement. Abdullah ibn Jahshy lead 8 shahabas.
They are Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba, Ukasha ibn Mihshan, Utba ibn Ghazwan, Saad ibn Abi
Waqqash, Amr ibn Rabia, Waqid ibn
Abdulla at-Tamimi, Suhayil ibn Baydha, and Khaleed ibn Bukayr. This moment, happened at Month of Rajab, one
month that according Arabian Tradition forbid for fight ( Month of Haram)
and one Pagan Quraish Caravan . And, at this moment, Abdullah s army attack
Pagan Quraish s caravan. One caravan s member, Amr ibn al-Hadhrami die and two
caravan s member, Hakam ibn Kaisan and Uthman ibn Abdullah became Muslim s army
prisoner. Muslims Army also rob their assets . When Abdullah ibn Jahshy and his
army back to Medina, Propeth Muhammad know this and curse this attack. At this
time, revelated Koran (Islamic Holy Book) verse about murdered at Mont of
Haram:
يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ قِتَالٍ فِيهِ ۖ قُلْ قِتَالٌ
فِيهِ كَبِيرٌ ۖ وَصَدٌّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَكُفْرٌ بِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ
الْحَرَامِوَإِخْرَاجُ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ أَكْبَرُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ ۚ وَالْفِتْنَةُ
أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ ۗ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّىٰ
يَرُدُّوكُمْ عَنْدِينِكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَطَاعُوا ۚ وَمَنْ يَرْتَدِدْ مِنْكُمْ عَنْ
دِينِهِ فَيَمُتْ وَهُوَ كَافِرٌ فَأُولَٰئِكَ حَبِطَتْ أَعْمَالُهُمْ فِي
الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ ۖ وَأُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا
خَالِدُونَ
They
ask you about the sacred month - about fighting therein. Say, "Fighting
therein is great [sin], but averting [people] from the way of Allāh and
disbelief in Him and [preventing access to] al-Masjid al-Ḥarām and the
expulsion of its people therefrom are greater [evil] in the sight of Allāh. And
fitnah is greater than killing." And they will continue to fight you until
they turn you back from your religion if they are able. And whoever of you
reverts from his religion [to disbelief] and dies while he is a disbeliever -
for those, their deeds have become worthless in this world and the Hereafter,
and those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally. (QS.Al-Baqarah: 217)
Abdullah
feel sad because Propeth Muhammad angry to him. Propeth Muhammad angry to him
because he still command search news about Pagan Quraish and Abdullah with his
army attack Pagan Quraish Caravan. But, Koranic verse above revelated that Abdullah
and his friend s action received because Pagan Quraish also drive out Muslims
from Mecca. Abdullah feel happy after this revelation revelated to Propeth Muhammad
and Propeth Muhammad received their action.
Abdullah
also fight with Propeth Muhammad at Battle of Badr (624 AD) againt Pagan
Quraish Forces that Muslims Army won this battle. And, Abdullah also fight at
Battle of Uhud (625 AD). At this battle, he die and his body mutilated by Pagan
Quraish Army, when battle that Muslims defeated by Pagan Quraish. He became one
martyr at Battle of Uhud . May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Basya,
DR,.Abdurrahman Rafat: Sirah Sahabat: Kisah Indah dan Sejarah Gemilang
Generasi Terbaik Umat Ini, Pustaka Al-Haura, 2012 M.
Hitti,
Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang
Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Imam
ad-Dzahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala Jilid 1: Pembahasan Sejarah Nabi (
Kelahiran Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam-Perang Khandaq), Tahqiq oleh
Syuaib al Arnauth & Team, Pustaka Azzam, 2017.
Al-Quran
2:217 - Surah Al-Baqara Ayah #217 - English Translation | Quran Translate,
accesed 23 August 2025, 09: 35 AM.
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