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What Happened at Karbala? Die of Hussayn ibn Ali and How Umayyad Dynasty Roled at this Event?

 

Source: Worldhistory.org.

Today, we will discuss about Event of Karbala 680 AD. What happened at this event and how Hussayn ib Ali, grandson from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam can die at hand of Umayyad Dynasty s regime? . Ok, please read this article and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilizations. And, it is one important episode for Sunni or Shia Muslims.

Important for know,  after die of Ali ibn Abi Thalib, fourth caliph from Rashidun Caliphate ( ruled 656-661 AD)  at 661 AD, Ali s sons, Hassan and Hussayn entered new political order. Hassan ever became caliph at 661 AD, before Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan. According Syrian Historian , Ibn Kathir,  after die of Ali at hand of one Kharijite Rebel, Ibn Muljam, several shahabas coronated Hassan as next caliph. After this, Rashidun Governor at Azerbaijan, Qais ibn Saad  ibn Ubada, who became comamander for 40.000 warriors, provocated Hassan to attack Syria, Muawiya s basic. Muawiya, is one rival from his father, Ali ibn Abi Thalib and Leader of Syria under Rashidun Caliphate.

Hassan, want peace. But, Qais ibn Saad and his army can provocated Hassan. Hassan moved with big army for attack Syria. Hassan  and Qais ibn Saad moved to Syria. Qais, became pioneer army commander. Pioneer army numbered 12.000 warriors. And, owhen they achieved Ctesiphon/Madain, former Sassanid Empire s capital. Pioneer army forward and Hassan stopped at military campt at Madain.  And, one man shouted: “KNOW, QAIS IBN SAAD IBN UBADA  WAS KILLED”!!.  Hassan s army mess and they stabbed Hassan until Hassan suffered seriously injured. Hassan entered  Palace of Ctesiphon.  Hassan s deputy at Ctesiphob, Saad ibn Masud at-Thaqafi. Saad  s nephew, al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubaid, askSaad for captured Hassan and bring Hassan to Muawiya. Saaa rejected it.

At this time, Muawiya and his army was moved and achieved Maskin. Hassan send letter to Muawiya for invited Muawiya received peace. Muawiya send Abdullah ibn Amr and Abdurrahman ibn Samura.  Hassan and them negotiate at Kufa, Iraq. Hassan ask to them for forbid people mocked Ali ibn Abi Thalib. And, he also ask permission for take 5.000.000 Dirham from Bayt al Mal ( Islamic State Bank) Kufa and tax from Territories of Darabjard.  If this conditions filled, Muawiya will became caliph. At 661 AD, Muawiya became caliph after this conditions filled.  Muawiya , started Umayyad Caliphate s era.

At 669 AD, Muawiya die and replaced by his son, Yazid ibn Muawiya. Hussayn doesnt received Yazid s goverment. According Philip.K.Hitti, Yazid loved spree and luxury life.  Hussayn , at 680 AD, moved to Kufa with his family and followers for filled Iraqians at Kufa who ask him for became caliph.  Umayyad Governor at Iraq, Ubaydulla ibn Ziyad at 10 October 680 AD/10 Muharram 61 Hijriyya, send 4000 army under Umar ibn Saad ibn Abi Waqqash for attack Hussayn s  group that only consist of 200 peoples. Umar ibn Saad and his army attack Hussayn at Karbala. Hussayn s group slaughtered by Umair ibn Saad s army. Hussayn killed by one Umayyad Commander, Shamr ibn Dhil Jushin,  and Hussayn s head sended to Caliph Yazid at Damascus, capital from Umayyad Dynasty. At Shia Islam s tradition,  day of Hussay  s die memorized as Ashura s Holiday.

After this,  happened chaos. Al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd attack Kufa and drive ut Governor of Kufa, Abdullah bin Muthi. Many Shia Muslims join with al-Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubaid. According Ibn Kathir, it is happened at 66 Hijriyya/686 AD. Al-Mukhtar chased Hussayn s murders , and kill Shamr ibn Dhil Jushin. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless Hassan and Hussayn ibn Ali, grandson from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam.

Refrences:

Al-Hafizh Ibnu Katsir: Perjalanan Hidup Empat Khalifah Rasul Yang Agung, Penerbit Darul Haq, 2012 M.

-------: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

 

 

 


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