Baqi ibn Makhlad: First Hadith Teacher at Spain

 

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Spain, conquered by Umayyad Dynasty after Battle of Guadalate 711 AD againt Kingdom of Visigoth. And, this territories became Islamic territories until Kingdom of Castille conquest Granada, last fortress for Muslims at Spain at 1492 AD. Today, we will discuss about Baqi ibn Makhlad, first scholar who teach Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam) at Spain. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us develop our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization s education for people.

Baqi, has full title Abu Abdurrahman al-Andalusi al-Qurthubi al-Hafizh. And, his name is Baqi ibn Makhlad ibn Yazid. Baqi . born at 816 AD. He life when age of second Umayyad Dynasty that centered at Cordova, Spain. For study, Baqi traveled to many states at east. At Hijaz, he studied to Abu Mushab az-Zuhri and Ibrahim ibn Mundhir. At Egypt, he studied from Zuhair ibn Ibad, at Damascus, Syria, he studied to Ibrahim ibn Hisham al-Ghassani, Safwan ibn Salih, Hisham ibn Ammar, and other. Imam Dhahabi said that Baqi has 284 teachers.

Imam Dhahabi write that Baqi ibn Makhlad is pious cleric. He love ascetism, love fasting, honest, and love Tahajjud ( night pray). And, he is one Islamic judge who take judgement according Athar ( narration from shahabas/tabiin or Islamic generation after Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam ).

His work , is Musnad Baqi ibn Makhlad  that consist from narrations that narrated by 1.300 Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s  shahabas/ And, when doing voyage for studied, Baqi life so simple. He doesnt eat, only  cabbage. And, he read Koran ( Islamic Holy Book) until end all nights at 17 rakaat (  count of prayer). And, when achieve Baghdad, he want studied to Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and at this time Ahmad ibn Hanbal get forbid for teach Hadiths because one problem. And, at this time, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal get problem with Abbasid Caliphate authority.  At 827 AD, Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mamun, make Mutazila , one sect mix of philosophy and Islamic Theology as state s official school.  Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal doesnt received this ideology, and he get punishment entered jail.And, hear this, make Baqi ibn Maqlad sad. He went to mosque and study Hadith to Imam  Yahya ibn Main

Baqi, still want meet with Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. He came to Imam Ahmad s house and Imam Ahmad ask he from where. He answer he came from Spain. And, Imam Ahmad tell Baqi that himself get punishment forbid teach Hadiths. Baqi studied with unique method to Imam Ahmad. He studied with pretend became  beggar and came to Imam Ahmad s house. It is until Imam Ahmad s punishment ended and Mutazila dont became state s scholar.

And, uniquely, he doesnt married when he search knowledges. And, he studied until Aden. And, when he back to Spain, he became first teacher who teach Hadiths at Spain. Other Musnad Baqi ibn Makhlad, he also write other books, such as Mushannaf Abi Baka bin Abi Syaibah, Mushannaf Abdurrazaq, and Mushannaf Said bin Manshur. According Imam Dhahabi, Baqi ibn Makhlad get special place at eye of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. And, he also has equivalent position with several prime Hadiths Imam at Islamic Traditional, Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, and Imam Nasai.

Imam Baqi ibn Makhlad, die at 889 AD. After leave legacy to Islamic Intelectual at Spain. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Imam ad-Dhahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala: Mutiara Kisah Pilihan Orang orang Cemerlang Dalam Sejarah Islam ( edisi ringkas oleh DR.Sulaiman al-Asyqar), Penerbit al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Raisuddin, ANM: BAQĪ B. MAKHLAD AL-QURṬUBĪ (201-276/816-889) AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF ḤADĪTH LITERATURE IN SPAIN. JSTOR. Vol.27.No.2. 1988 M.