Today,
we will discuss about one Umayyad Dynasty Commander who conquer Central Asia,
Qutayba ibn Muslim. He popular as one Umayyad Commander who conquer Central
Asia Territories until Samarqand, Uzbekistan, at 8 TH Century. And, his
conquest make Chinese Emperor at this age pay tribute to Umayyad Dynasty.
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Qutayba
ibn Muslim, life at 8 TH Century. He
originated from Tribe of Bahila. And, at 705 AD, he get duty from Umayyad
Governor at Iraq, Hajjaj ibn Yusuf for became Umayyad Governor at Khorasan (
now East Iran). Mentioned by Hugh Kennedy, at 715 AD, he was lead 40.000 army
from Bashra at South Iraq. According Ustad Abu Hudhayfa al Athari, Qutayba ibn
Muslim is one clever, strong, and rich commander at his age. Hajjaj ibn Yusuf,
as Qutayba s superior, support Qutayba
for conquer Central Asia. At 715 AD, other 40.000 army, Qutayba also lead 7000
new warriors from Kufa and 7000 Non-Arabs Warrior (Mawali) under Hayyan
al-Nabati. 705 AD, became begin of
Qutayba s conquest. He lead his army to Tukharistan. He also visit Balkh and
welcomed by local ruler. He also get gift from King of Saghaniya, and protected
by King of Shuman. After this, Qutayba back to his basic at Merv.
At
706 AD, Ruler of Badhghis Mountain at Central Asia, Naizak, captured several
Umayyad Warriors and make them as hostage. Qutayba negosiated with Naizak by
messenger, and beetwen Umayyad Dynasty and Kingdom of Badhghis make peace
covenant. And, after this, Qutayba ibn Muslim direct his army to Kingdom of
Soghdia. Qutayba besieged one fortress city at Kingdom of Soghdia, Paykand.
Umayyads Army besieged this city for 1 month. And they used strategy dig mine
under city wall, until Umayyads Army can entered and occupied this city. At 707
AD, Qutayba attack Oasis of Bukhara, Uzbekistan that under Kingdom of Soghdia.
Naizak help Qutayba at his expedition. Kingdom Of Soghdia, make alliance with
Turkish Army and army from Ferghana, Uzbekistan. Battle broke and Umayyad Army
defeated at this battle. At 708 AD, Umayyad Army also defeated by Wardan Khuda,
Ruler of Bukhara. At 709 AD, Bukhara can
occupied by Umayyad Army after three expedition.
Bukhara,
became Umayyad Dynasty s territories. At 713 AD, Qutayba make big mosque at
this city. Qutayba defend Ruler of Bukhara, Wardan Khuda as ruler at this place.
And according Hugh Kennedy, Umayyad Dynasty ruled Bukhara by local authority. And, Naizak, who was follow Qutayba s
expedition tried to get his indepedence. Niazak tried rebel to Umayyad Dynasty
with ask helped from King of Kabul, Afghanistan. Naizak, can executed by
Qutayba. Umayyad Army also conquer Kingdom of Shuman that doing resistance.
At
711 AD, Qutayba moved to Sistan for faced Zunbil from Sistan. Soghdian Ruler of
Samarqand, Tarkhun, decide pay tax to Umayyad Dynasty. And, Tarkhun ousted by Ghurak, his brother
who replaced him as Ruler of Samarqand.
Ghurak, tried to doing resistance for defend Samarqand from Umayyad
Dynasty. At 712 AD, Qutayba and Umayyad Army attack Samarqand. Soghdians at
Samarqand, ask helped from King of Tashkent and Ferghana. Battle broke and
Umayyad Army besieged Samarqand for 1 month. After battle with Soghdians Army,
Samarqand occupied by Umayyad Dynasty. And, fire temple at Samarqand destroyed
by Umayyad Army. Many statues at Samarqand burned by Qutayba. After this,
Qutayba with Umayyad Army and 20.000 army from Bukhara, Kish, Nasaf, and Khwarezm,
to Soghdia and achieve Empire of China s boundaries. Emperor Of China, pay tributes
to Umayyad Dynasty. And, according Islamic History and Research Team of Egypt, tributes
that payed by Emperor of China consist
of many golds, silks, and clothes.
At
715 AD, Qutayba killed when faced rebellion from his army that lead by Waki
al-Tamimi. And, according Hugh Kennedy,Qutayba s die became mark stop from Umayyad
s conquer at Central Asia.
Refrences:
Kennedy,
Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.
Tim
Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka
Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
As-Salafy,
Abu Hudzaifah al-Atsari: Qutaybah bin Muslim al-Bahili, Maktabah Raudah
al-Muhibbin tanpa tahun.
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