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Qutayba Ibn Muslim: Conqueror Of Central Asia

 

Source: Youtube.com.

Today, we will discuss about one Umayyad Dynasty Commander who conquer Central Asia, Qutayba ibn Muslim. He popular as one Umayyad Commander who conquer Central Asia Territories until Samarqand, Uzbekistan, at 8 TH Century. And, his conquest make Chinese Emperor at this age pay tribute to Umayyad Dynasty. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilization. It is simple verb, but have big role for help our blog that focuss for Islamic History and Civilization s education for people. And, dont forget for read this article until end for get more informations about this topic.

Qutayba ibn Muslim, life at 8 TH Century.  He originated from Tribe of Bahila. And, at 705 AD, he get duty from Umayyad Governor at Iraq, Hajjaj ibn Yusuf for became Umayyad Governor at Khorasan ( now East Iran). Mentioned by Hugh Kennedy, at 715 AD, he was lead 40.000 army from Bashra at South Iraq. According Ustad Abu Hudhayfa al Athari, Qutayba ibn Muslim is one clever, strong, and rich commander at his age. Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, as Qutayba s  superior, support Qutayba for conquer Central Asia. At 715 AD, other 40.000 army, Qutayba also lead 7000 new warriors from Kufa and 7000 Non-Arabs Warrior (Mawali) under Hayyan al-Nabati.  705 AD, became begin of Qutayba s conquest. He lead his army to Tukharistan. He also visit Balkh and welcomed by local ruler. He also get gift from King of Saghaniya, and protected by King of Shuman. After this, Qutayba back to his basic at Merv.

At 706 AD, Ruler of Badhghis Mountain at Central Asia, Naizak, captured several Umayyad Warriors and make them as hostage. Qutayba negosiated with Naizak by messenger, and beetwen Umayyad Dynasty and Kingdom of Badhghis make peace covenant. And, after this, Qutayba ibn Muslim direct his army to Kingdom of Soghdia. Qutayba besieged one fortress city at Kingdom of Soghdia, Paykand. Umayyads Army besieged this city for 1 month. And they used strategy dig mine under city wall, until Umayyads Army can entered and occupied this city. At 707 AD, Qutayba attack Oasis of Bukhara, Uzbekistan that under Kingdom of Soghdia. Naizak help Qutayba at his expedition. Kingdom Of Soghdia, make alliance with Turkish Army and army from Ferghana, Uzbekistan. Battle broke and Umayyad Army defeated at this battle. At 708 AD, Umayyad Army also defeated by Wardan Khuda, Ruler of Bukhara. At 709 AD,  Bukhara can occupied by Umayyad Army after three expedition.

Bukhara, became Umayyad Dynasty s territories. At 713 AD, Qutayba make big mosque at this city. Qutayba defend Ruler of Bukhara, Wardan Khuda as ruler at this place. And according Hugh Kennedy, Umayyad Dynasty ruled Bukhara by local authority.  And, Naizak, who was follow Qutayba s expedition tried to get his indepedence. Niazak tried rebel to Umayyad Dynasty with ask helped from King of Kabul, Afghanistan. Naizak, can executed by Qutayba. Umayyad Army also conquer Kingdom of  Shuman that doing resistance.

At 711 AD, Qutayba moved to Sistan for faced Zunbil from Sistan. Soghdian Ruler of Samarqand, Tarkhun, decide pay tax to Umayyad Dynasty.  And, Tarkhun ousted by Ghurak, his brother who replaced him as Ruler of Samarqand.  Ghurak, tried to doing resistance for defend Samarqand from Umayyad Dynasty. At 712 AD, Qutayba and Umayyad Army attack Samarqand. Soghdians at Samarqand, ask helped from King of Tashkent and Ferghana. Battle broke and Umayyad Army besieged Samarqand for 1 month. After battle with Soghdians Army, Samarqand occupied by Umayyad Dynasty. And, fire temple at Samarqand destroyed by Umayyad Army. Many statues at Samarqand burned by Qutayba. After this, Qutayba with Umayyad Army and 20.000 army from Bukhara, Kish, Nasaf, and Khwarezm, to Soghdia and achieve Empire of China s boundaries. Emperor Of China, pay tributes to Umayyad Dynasty. And, according Islamic History and Research Team of Egypt, tributes that payed by  Emperor of China consist of many golds, silks, and clothes.

At 715 AD, Qutayba killed when faced rebellion from his army that lead by Waki al-Tamimi. And, according Hugh Kennedy,Qutayba s die became mark stop from Umayyad s conquer at Central Asia.

Refrences:

Kennedy, Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

As-Salafy, Abu Hudzaifah al-Atsari: Qutaybah bin Muslim al-Bahili, Maktabah Raudah al-Muhibbin tanpa tahun.


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