Today, we will discuss about Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali, Persian Sufism Scholar who became one pioneer from Sufism that exist today. He is Persian Scholar who life at Abbasid and Seljuq Dynasty Era. How his struggle became Persian Sufism Scholar? Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History.
Sufism, is one Islamic thought that flow at Middle Age. Sufism is thought that foccuss how his adherent near to Allah Subhanahuwataala by personality intimacy. They foccuss life with simple and near their self to Allah Subhanahuwataala. Sufism, born at Abbasid Dynasty Era. His adherent called Sufi.
And, one Sufism Scholar, Abu Hamid Mohammad Al-Ghazali, life at 11 TH Century. He born at Khorasan, Iran at 1058 AD. His backname, Al-Ghazali, is title from his village, Ghazal at Khorasan. He studied at City Of Thus, one city at Khorasan. He and his brother,Ahmad studied to One Sufi at this city. They studied Koran ( Islamic Holy Book), Hadith ( Islamic Oral Tradition), and also Poetry. He also studied Philosophy to Al-Juwaini, one Muslim Philosopher at Nishapur. At this time, Al-Ghazali write his first book, Al-Mankhul Min Ilm Al- Ushul ( Arabic: Science s summary about princips)
At 20 years old, Al-Ghazali was became big scholar. Al-Ghazali also write book about philosophy, titled Maqashid Al-Falasifah ( Arabic: Mean from Philosophers). This book discuss about classic Greek Philosophy and this book popular until Europe. Europe at this time, still at dark age after ruin of Roman Empire. They was forget Greek s Philosophy. By Al-Ghazali s book, Europe re member about Greek s Philosophy. According Historian Tamim Ansary, because Al-Ghazali s book, many Christian Philosophers make Curch Teaching shincron with Aristoteles s thought.
Al-Ghazali, also write second volume from this book, titled Tahafut Al-Falasifah ( Arabic: Philosophers s Illogical) . At this book, Al-Ghazali write rebuttal to materialism that became several Muslim Philosophers s ideology.
Not only became writter, Al-Ghazali also became rector from University Of Nizhamiyya at Bagdad, Iraq that under Seljuq Dynasty s management. Seljuq Sultan at this time is Malik Shah. Malik Shah s prime minister, Nizham Al-Mulk appointed Al-Ghazali as Rector from University Of Nizhamiyya, Bagdad. At Bagdad, he debate againt several groups at Islamic Society, such as spirituality group, Philosophers and other. Al-Ghazali, get high status at University Of Nizhamiyya. But, he decide to leave all it, because he doesnt love high status and praise. He deepen Sufism and he write 2 book about Sufism: Kimiyyat Al-Saadat ( Arabic: The Cemistry Of Happiness) and Ihya Ulum Addin ( Arabic: Rise Of Religion Knowledge). His thought is law is law and you must follow the law ( Islamic Law), but you cannot achieve Allah Subhanahuwataala only with studied book and doing good charity. You must open your heart and only Sufis who know how open the heart.
At Ihya Ulum Addin and Kimiyyat Al-Saadat, he explained how Islamic Ortodox Teology can united with Sufism , method from Sufis for united with Allah. Al-Ghazali confess, knowledge such as Mathematics, Logica, and Science can achieve truth conclusion. But, they only can achieve truth conclusion if they sinchron with Islamic Revelation. At 1096 AD, Al-Ghazali even stay at Jerusalem, Palestine for spirituality exile. At 1110 AD, Al-Ghazali open Islamic School at his city, Thus at Khorasan for teach Sufism. He die at 111 AD, may Allah bless him.
Refrences:
Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
Artika, L., Rabbani, M. Y., Nafis, M. R. R., Siregar, N., & Gusnanda, I. (2023). Biografi Tokoh Tasawuf Al-Ghazali. Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 1(2), 29-55.
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