Today, we will discuss about one Persian Scholar who became prime minister from Seljuq Empire. He is Nizham Al-Mulk At-Thusi. He also has service build early first universty at the word, University Of Nizhamiyya. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that add your perspective about Islamic History and Civilization.
Nizham Al-Mulk at-Thusi, born at City Of Tous, Iran at 1018 AD. He is son from Ali Ibn Ishaq, One Persian Merchant, and his original name is Hassan. Hassan, doesnt has mother because his mother was die when Hassan still breastfeeding.
Ali work as merchant and also employee at Ghaznavid Empire. He send his son, Hassan to several teacher for learn Koran (Islamic Holy Book) and Hassan can memorized Koran at 11 th years old. Hassan also studied Arabic Language, Fiqh (Islamic Law) according Shafii Tradition, Nahwu (Arabic Grammatical) and Mathematics. He can mastered all this knowledges. When Seljuq Dynasty occupied Persia, Hassan work to them. He get titled Nizham Al-Mulk ( Arabic: State Strategist). Nizham Al-Mulk became state adviser from Seljuq Sultan, Alp Arslan. Nizham Al-Mulk became Seljuq s prime minister.
At 1071 AD, when broke Battle Of Manzikert beetwen Byzantine Empire under Emperor Romanus IV and Seljuq Empire under Sultan Alp Arslan, Nizham Al-Mulk get duty from Alp Arslan for protect women and children at war territories and moved them to Islamic Territories for escaped them from arrest and rapped that will doing by Byzantine Army if Seljuq Army defeated. At this battle, Seljuq Army can defeat Byzantine Army.
Before Alp Arslan die, he ask Nizham Al-Mulk became prime minister for Alp Arslan s son who replaced him as Seljuq Sultan, Malik Shah who at this time was 20 years old. Nizham Al-Mulk became mentor and prime minister for Malik Shah. At this time, Malik Shah at this time still 20 years old and Nizham Al-Mulk was 55 years old. Malik Shah ruled from 1072-1092 AD, according Historian Philip.K.Hitti, Seljuq Territories at Malik Shah s era, stretched from Jerusalem, Palestine until Kashgar (Uyghur, at Modern China). When became prime minister from Malik Shah, at 1074 AD, Nizham Al-Mulk advise Malik Shah to held conference that attended several astronomers. Their plan is make new calendar and they can make calender that named Jalali Calendar, take from Malik Shah s titled, Jalal Ad-Din Abu Fath Malik Shah. According Philip.K.Hitti, this calendar more accurate from our calendar today.
Nizham Al-Mulk also write a book, titled Siyasah Namah, that discuss about a good goverment. Nizham Al-Mulk, build one first universty at Baghdad, Nizhamiyya University. According Palestinian Historian Jihad at-Turbani, University Of Nizhamiyya became one oldest university at the world. Nizham also build many university at Mosul, Bashra, Amol, Balkh, Nishapur, Herat, Esfahan, Merv and Thabaristan.Nizham also make modern education system with his step make education system at his universties that consist of lecturer who has duty deliver college to students, lecturer deputy, and lecturer assistant. Lecturer assistant is choosen students who help other students.
According Turkish Historian Ahmet Kuru, from University Of Nizhamiyya, Seljuq Empire get legitimation from Scholars at this time. Nizham Al-Mulk, also make policy give one land for Seljuq Military Personals. According Kuru, this policy doing for make strong army for Seljuq Empire.
At 485 H, Nizham Al-Mulk give lectures at one Mosque at Nahavand, Iran and at this time, at this time, he die because killed by one member from Sect Of Assasins, one extreme Shia Sect at Iran. His legacy, became collective memory for Muslims about their s education s golden age. May Allah Subhanahuwatala bless him.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.
Kuru, Ahmet.T.: Islam, Otoritarianisme, dan Ketertinggalan: Perbandingan Lintas Zaman dan Kawasan di Dunia Muslim, Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2021 M.
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