Today, we will discuss about Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri, one Hadiths Codificator who also became historian. He became popular scholar at Umayyad History Era , who focuss at Hadiths and History. He codificated Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam ) and also Early Islamic History. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that educate people about Islamic History and Civilization.
Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri, is one Umayyad Scholar who born at 742 AD at Medina, Saudi Arabia. Ibn Shihab, has original name Muhammad Ibn Muslim Ibn Ubaydilla Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri. His father, Muslim, is one Hadith Scholar at this age. Az-Zuhri, according Historian Badri Yatim, is one expert at Hadith and Fiqh. He studied to several teacher, such as Said Ibn al-Musayyab, Aban Ibn Uthman, Ubaydilla Ibn Abdilla Ibn Qutayba, and Urwa Ibn Zubayr. One his teacher, Urwa Ibn Zubayr, is one Islamic First Historian and also popular as one pioneer from Islamic Historiography. From know about Urwa Ibn Zubayr s biography, you can access this link:
Urwah Ibn Zubayr: Pioneer At Islamic Historiography.
Maybe, because his teacher, Urwa Ibn Zubayr, is pioneer from Islamic Historiography, az-Zuhri interest to history, included biography from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. Az-Zuhri, has high interest to Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s biography and also Hadith. Az-Zuhri, always write knowledge that get from his teachers. Several his friends who dont write laugh to him, but several times ago, they aware that az-Zuhri more clever from them.
Az-Zuhri, became one scholar who get duty from Umayyad Dynasty for write about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and also early Islamic History. His work, written by his clerk, Mamar Ibn Rasheed. Title from his work, is al-Maghazi. Ibn Shihab dictate his narration about Islamic History to Mamar Ibn Rasheed. And , it is produce one book that named by al-Maghazi. This book, dont written by chronological time. This book beginning by story from dig of Zamzam well, several event that happened at Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s era, such as several key Islamic Battles, such as Battle Of Badr, Uhud, and Khaybar , next by Pre -Islamic History, such as Ashabul Kahfi and Jerusalem under reign of Propeth Sulayman Alaihissalam, die of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam, until several events at age of Rashidun Caliphate.
In codificated this work, Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri used Hadith Methodology. He rely on narration from several people who can trusted. Information at his work, usually clear, simple, and focuss. According Badri Yatim, though Ibn Shihab work at Umayyad Dynasty Palace at Damascus, his historical argument is critical and dont influenced with political fluctuation.
Umayyad Caliph, Umar Ibn Abd Aziz ( ruled 717-720 AD) , command Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri for codificated Hadiths. Ibn Shihab, get command from Umar Ibn Abd Aziz for codificated Hadiths manuscript. Such as Hadith Manuscripts that won by Abd Rahman al-Auzai, Sulayman Ibn Kathir, Zakaria Ibn Isa, and manuscript that written by Ibrahim Ibn al-Waleed.
Az-Zuhri s work about Hadiths, spread at Umayyad Dynasty Territories to next Hadith Codification. Because this big service, Imam Shafii, one Madzhab Leader, praise Ibn Shihab : “If dont because az-Zuhri, will disappear Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s tradition from Residents Of Medina”
Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri, die at 17 Ramadhan 123 H/742 AD. His work became refrences for next Islamic Historians, such as Ibn Ishaq, al-Waqidi,al-Thabari, Baladhuri, and Ibn Sayyid an-Nas. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Yatim, Badri: Historiografi Islam, Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1997 M.
Donner, Fred.M.: Muhammad dan Umat Beriman: Asal-Usul Islam, Penerbit PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2015 M.
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Affan, M. (2018). Al-Maghazi/The Expeditions. Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies, 14(1), 128-132.
Qudsy, S. Z. (2013). Umar Bin Abdul Aziz Dan Semangat Penulisan Hadis. ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin, 14(2), 257-276.
Pulungan, J.Suyuti: Umar Bin Abdul Aziz - Ensiklopedia Islam, accesed 9 March 2025, 09: 11 AM.
Rajab, Alif Jumai: IBNU SYIHAB AL-ZUHRI (ULAMA DENGAN ANDIL BESAR DALAM PEMBUKUAN HADIS), accesed 9 March 2025, 09: 11 AM.
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