Hawliyyat and Maudhuiyyat: Two Main Flow Of Islamic Classic Historiography.

 

Source: PNGTree.

Islamic Historiography at classic age, have many motives of written. Today, we will discuss about two main flow at Islamic Historiography.  Hawliyyat and Maudhuiyyat. How history from two Islamic Historiography flow above?. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and civilizion. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for support us flow our blog that focuss educate people about  Islamic History and Civilization.

Hawliyyat ( history according year),  used at early Islamic Historiography , such as at work of Imam al-Tabari (839-923 AD) Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk ( History of nations and kings).  At this book, Imam al Tabari write history of the world since before Islamic World until Abbasid Dynasty. His method, was used by Historians before al-Tabari, such as Haytham Ibn Adi, Jafar Ibn Muhammad, Ammar Ibn Wasimah, and al-Waqidi. Bt, book of Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk is first big history encyclopedy that written by Hawliyyat method. According Historian Badri Yatim, Imam al Tabari often considered as first Muslim Historian  who used Hawliyyat method.  But according Franz Rosenthal, such as quoted by Badri Yatim, Muslims Historian before Imam al-Tabari was used Hawliyyat method.  From them Abu Isa Ibn al-Munajjim ( w.279 H).  Abi Isa s book titled Tarikh Sini al-Alam (History of The World According Year).

According Rosenthal, Hawliyyat method quoted from Greek Historical works. This method also was used at several Syrian Chronichles, such as work from Yaqub ar Rahawi ( Jacob Of Edessa).  And, according Rosenthal, Muslim Historians get inspiration from Syrian and Greek Historians. But, according Abd al-Hamid al-Ibadi, historiography according years only used by Muslim Historians and it is influence from Persian Historical Written. At next age, Muslim Historians make a progress at Hawliyyat method. Such as Abu Abdillah Muhammad Ibn Ahmad ad Dhahabi ( Imam Dhahabi) who die at 748 H, when  written his his masterpiece, Tarikh al-Islam ( History Of Islam) used Hawliyyat method, but he doesnt used Hawliyyat method according Tabari s version, when historical moment codificated according 1 year. He codificated history according 10 year.

Imam Dhahabi, write his book at 21 volumes. Hawliyyat method , also used by14 TH Syrian Historian, Imam Ibn Kathir, at his book, Al-Bidayah wa an-Nihayah. Follow method that used by Imam Tabari, Imam Ibn Kathir tell historical events according one years.  Of course with Hegira Calendar.

And, Hawliyyat  method criticize by One Historian , named Ibn al-Athir , because this method separated historical event that can run at time more than 1 years and this method, according Badri Yatim, also cut historical events to years to years.Because this, appear new method. Ibn al-Athir, became  one pioner for new historical method, that named by Maudhuiyyat ( thematics ) method.  At this method, Ibn al-Athir describe history according themes. Such as according event.  His method also used by other Historian, Shihab al Din Ahmad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab al-Nuwayri ( die at 732 H), who write book titled Nihayat al-Irb fi Funun al-Adab . Shihab al Din discuss history of Islamic Dynasty. He doesnt discuss other dynasty if not yet finish discuss one dynasty. According Shihab al-Din, Hawliyyat method make many readers harded to understanding one event that dont finished at one year.

Before Ibn al Athir, Maudhuiyyat method was used by al-Yaqubi ( die at 897 AD) and al-Masudi ( die at 957 AD). But, Ibn al-Athir and Shihab al Din al-Nuwayri matured this method with show this method s plus value from Hawliyyat method.

Refrences:
Yatim, Badri: Historiografi Islam,  Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1997 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.