Today, we will discuss about Yazid Ibn
Muawiya, first Muslim Coammander who besieged Constantinople and second Umayyad
Caliph. He is son fom Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan, Umayyad Caliphate Founder. Please
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Yazid Ibn Muawiya, has full name Yazid Ibn
Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan. He has nickname Abu Khalid al-Umawi and born beetwen
25-27 Hijriyya. His mlther, Maisun bint Bahdal bin Anif al-Kalbi, originated
from Arabian Tribe Of Kalb., one Arabian
Tribe at Syria. Yazid born when Muawiya became Rashidun Governor
at Syria under Caliph Uthman Ibn Affan ( ruled 644-656 AD). Muawiya send Yazid
to interior, settlements of Kalb Tribe and at this place, Yazid educated by his
uncles for side of his mother. At this place, Yazid studied Arabic Language,
poem, and chivalry. Muawiya educated his son, Yazid for became man with good
attitude. When Muawiya became Umayyad
Caliph at 660/661 AD with capital at
Damascus, Syria, he give big duties for Yazid , for prepared Yazid became
caliph next him.
Muawiya, also make Yazid as Amirul Hajj
( Arabic: leader at Hajj / Islamic Pilgrim to Saudi Arabia). When educated
Yazid for became caliph next him, he keeping Yazid for luxury lifestyle . At
669 AD, Muawiya appointed Yazid for became commander who lead Muslims Army for
besieged Constantinople, Byzantine Empire Capital. Yazid, at begin feel he lazy lead this rmy. But, Muawiya sworn
that send Yazid to Muslims Army that attack Byzantine Territories for make
Yazid became strong man. Yazid, obey his father s instruction. At 669 AD, he lead
Umayyad Army that consist of Syrian Warriors.
At this time, Byzantine Empire lead by Emperor Constantine IV ( lead 668-685
AD). Yazid show his brave at battle
under wall of Constantinople. This
siege, failed because Wall Of Constantinople too strong for conquered.
It
is first Muslim Trial for besieged Constantinople. At 680 AD, Muawiya die and replaced by his Yazid.
Many shahabas, such as Abdullah Ibn
Abbas and Abdullah Ibn Umar support Yazid. Two shahaba, Hussayn Ibn Ali and
Abdullah Ibn az-Zubayr. Abdullah Ibn Umar invite his family support Yazid and
he forbid Residents Of Medina, Saudi Arabia for rebel againt Yazid. At era of Yazid s reign, Umayyad Dynasty can
expand North Africa under Uqba Ibn Nafi. And, at 683 AD, Abdullah Ibn Zubayr
with support from Hijazians proclaimed resistance to Yazid, with factor Yazid
love luxury lifestyle. Yazid send Umayyad Army under Muslim Ibn Uqba for attack
Abdullah s basic at Hijaz. At this battle, though Umayyad Army defeat opposition
, Muslim Ibn Uqba die and replaced by Hussayn Ibn Numayr. Husayn attack Mecca,
Abdullah Ibn Zubayr s basic with mangonels and at this battle, Kabah , Islamic
Holy Site at Mecca destroyed. When siege
run, Yazid die at 683 AD, and Ibn Numayr at 27 November 687 AD, because fear happened
chaos at Syria.
Though Yazid fight againt Hijazi Rebel, he
respect to Hijazi Scholars, such as Abdullah Ibn Jafar, Abdullah Ibn Abbas,
Muhammad al-Hanafiyya, and Ali Ibn Hussayn Zayn al-Abidin. He die at 683 AD/64
H at age 38 or 39 at Hawarayn, Homs, Syria. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him. His
position replaced by his son, Muawiya Ibn Yazid, but Muawiya Ibn Yazid retreat
because feel weak for lead. Until Umayyad Caliph lead by Marwan Ibn al-Hakam,
Uthman Ibn Affan s cousin ( lead 683-685 AD). For Umayyad civil war and Abdullah
Ibn Zubayr s role, you can open this article:
Why
Abdullah Ibn Zubayr Rebel to Umayyad Dynasty?
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif
Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Abdul Lathif, Prof.DR.Abdussyafi Muhammad:
Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Khilafah Umayyah 41-133 H/661-750 M: Kekhalifahan
Islam Pertama Setelah Khulafaur Rasyidin, Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
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