Today, we will discuss about Caliph Uma
Ibn Abd Aziz, best caliph at Umayyad Caliphate Era who only ruled for 3 years (
717-720 years). He mentioned by Caliph Umar II and popular with his simpleness
and humbleness. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog
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Umar Ibn Abd Aziz, born at 59, 61, or 62
H. His full name is Umar ibn Abd Aziz
ibn Marwan ibn Hakam ibn Abu Ash Ibn Umayya. His mother, Umm Ashim, is granddaughter
from Caliph Umar Ibn Khattab , second caliph from Rashidun Caliphate ( ruled
634-644 AD).
His father, Abd Aziz became Umayyad
Governor at Egypt and Umar , grown at Medina, Saudi Arabia. At City Of Medina,
Umar spend his time for deep Islamic Religion. He studied Hadiths ( Islamic
Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam) from several Propeth
Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s shahabas , from them Abdullah Ibn Jafar,
Saib Ibn Yazid, Sahl Ibn Saad, Yusuf Ibn Abdullah Ibn Salam, Said Ibn
al-Musayyib, and other. He also often visit his son from Umar Ibn Khattab,
Abdullah Ibn Umar Ibn Khattab.
Because Umar Ibn Abd Aziz s uncle, Abd
Malik Ibn Marwan, is Umayyad Caliph, after die of Abd Aziz, Abd Malik bring Umar Ibn Abd Aziz to Damascus,
Capital Of Umayyad Dynasty. Abd Malik married Umar with his daughter, Fathimah
and make Umar as leader at one territories at Syria, Khanasira ( now at Aleppo,
Syria). At 87 H, Caliph Abd Malik Ibn
Marwan die and replaced by his son, Al-Walid Ibn Abd Malik. Al-Walid make Umar
as Mayor Of Medina.
For his advisors, Umar Ibn Abd Aziz give
this postion to Urwah Ibn Zubayr, Ubayd allah, Sulayman Ibn Yasar, and others
from his bestfriends and his teachers. At 93 H, Caliph Al-Walid fired Umar Ibn
Abd Aziz from his position as Mayor Of Medina, because report from Umayyad
Governor at Iraq, Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf that Umar Ibn Abd Aziz protect Iraqian
rebels.
After his fire, Umar back to Syria and when
Umayyad Caliphate lead by Sulayman Ibn Abd Malik, Umar became Umayyad Dynasty s
advisor. Until 717 AD, Umar replaced Sulayman as Umayyad Caliph. Umar Ibn Abd
Aziz, when became Umayyad Caliph, used simple lifestyle, different with other
Umayyad Caliphs who love build luxury palace and love glamour lifestyle. Caliph
Umar Ibn Abd Aziz also practise tight selection for choose state s birocrat. He
give condition state birocrasts must believers, clever, and competent, and of
course, can received by Muslims Society.
Umar Ibn Abd Aziz also resist
discrimination to Non Muslims that practise by Umayyad Dynasty. At this era,
exist habit Umayyad s territories leader take Jizyah ( tax for Non
Muslims) from Muslims who just now convert to Islam and Non Muslim who convert
to Islam forced circumcised by Umayyad territories leaders. Al-Jarrah Ibn Abdullah, Umayyad Governor Of Khorasan, doing
circumcised forced for Non Muslims who convert to Islam at Khorasan. Caliph
Umar fired him from his position and replaced him with Abdurahman Ibn Nuaym
al-Qushairi.
With his skill at negosiation, Umar Ibn
Abd Aziz also can stop Kharijites rebels without confrontation. Kharijites, was
became oppositions that became Umayyad Dynasty s enemy from establishment of
Umayyad Dynasty. But, Umar can stop this rebel because weapon confrontation.
At international politic, Caliph Umar
stopped expansion and prioritzing Islamic Preach at Umayyad conquer s
territories. He send many preachers to Umayyad conquer territories and many
people convert to Islam after hear Caliph Umar
s preachers. Umar Ibn Abd Aziz also send letter to Dukes at Transoxiana
and Kings Of Sindh ( now Pakistn) for invited him convert to Islam. And, they
convert to Islam after hear about Umar s justice abd character.
Caliph Umar Ibn Abd Aziz also make peace
covenant with Byzantine Empire and pull
Umayyads Army that besieged Constantinople, Capital Of Byzantine Empire. He die
at 720 AD, at Homs, Syria. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif
Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Abdul Lathif, Prof.DR.Abdussyafi Muhammad:
Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Khilafah Umayyah 41-133 H/661-750 M: Kekhalifahan
Islam Pertama Setelah Khulafaur Rasyidin, Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Pulungan, J.Suyuti: Umar Bin Abdul Aziz -
Ensiklopedia Islam, accesed 22 May 2025, 10: 05 AM.
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