How Umayyad Caliphate at Spain Fall and Split?

 

Source: Posterazzi.

Today, we will discuss about Umayyad Caliphate at Cordova, Spain  s fall and split. How one strongest caliphate at Europe fall and split into several small emirated?. This article will answer it. And, we will know , how this caliphate fall after develop to his golden age?. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for  develop our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilizations.

At 976-1009 AD, Umayyad Caliphate ruled by junor caliph, Hisham II , who was still 12 years old. And, at this time, Umayyad s goverment handled by Prime Minister Muhammad Ibn Abi Amr, who has title al-Hajib al-Manshur.  Caliph Hisham II still ruled as symbol and al-Hajib al-Manshur, when became de facto  Umayyads Goverment s  occupants, doing invastion to several Christian Kingdoms at North Umayyad Dynasty s boundaries.  At 981 AD, al-Hajib al-Manshur can invaded several Christian Territories, such as at Leon, Castille, and Catalonia. He can rob Barcelona  and at 988 AD, conquer Kingdom Of Leon, make Kingdom Of Leon as vassal from Umayyad Caliphate.

And, at 997 AD, al-Manshur can achieve Mountain Of Galicia. And, at 1002 AD, al-Manshur die and he replaced by his son, Abd Malik al-Muzzhafar as de facto ruler of Umayyad Dynasty. Hisham II, exiled and  for 21 years old, many caliph at Umayyad Dynasty  hold and ousted. One caliph became Cordovan s people s doll, one caliph became Slavic s doll, and one caliph became Berber s doll. Many ethnic at Spain controlled Umayyad Caliphate.  And, also influenced by corrupt caliph.Muhammad II, cousin from Hisham II, has cruel habit. He beheaded several Umayyad s leaders at North territories who dont confess his leadership and entered their head at flower pots. His flower pots put at river near castle. At this era, Christian Kingdoms at North Spain re captured their fortress that was occupied by Umayyad Dynasty.

One caliph, al-Mustakfi, only care about sex and stomach s method. And, he die, because killed by one officer. And, before ruin, established Dynasty Of Hammudiya that established by Ali Ibn Hammud ( ruled at 1016-1018 AD). Ali Ibn Hammud proclaimed himself as caliph at Cordova and Malaga.  At 1027 AD, Hisham II return to his throne. Hisham II, at this event, was achieve 54 years old.  And People Of Cordova make rebellion for ousted Hisham II. Hisham II and his family,  became prisoner from Cordovan Rebels.  At 422 H, Umayyad Dynasty fall with die of last Umayyad Caliph at Spain, al-Mutamid Billah.  Umayyad Prime Minister, Abu Muhammad Ibn Juhur , proclaimed end of Umayyad Dynasty.  

After Ruin Of Umayyad Dynasty, Spain lead by several small states , such as Banu Abbad at Seville, Bani Hud at Zaragoza, Bani Zeri at Granada, and Bani an-Nun at Toledo. Several kings ruled with fair, and several kings became tyranny.  And, at this age, Islamic Knowledge still develop.Islamic Kings at Spain s palaces became place from several writters, poems, and scholars.

At this era, Alfonso VI, was united several Christian Kingdoms at Spain, From them Kingdom Of Asturias, Leon, and Castille. With his army, Alfonso VI can  occupied many Islamic Territories at Spain and he also supported by Rodrigo Diaz de Bivar, one knight from Castille who attack Abbad Dynasty s territories. This era, became beginning from ruin of Islamic Goverment at Spain. For next event,  you can read this article:
Battle Of Sagrajas: Begin Of Africans Reign At Spain.

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.