Today, we will discuss about Ibn Hafshun,
Visigoth Rebel who shake Umayyad Dynasty at Cordova, Spain at 9-10 TH Century. He
is one rebel who cant destroyed by Umayyad Dynasty at Spain for long time. Please
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Before discuss about Ibn Hafshun, we must
know how Umayyad Dynasty conquer Spain. At 711 AD, when still reign for capital at Damascus, Syria, Umayyad
Dynasty send expedition under Thariq ibn Ziyad for conquer Andalusia ( Spain and Portugal) that
at this time, ruled by Kingdom Of Visigoth under King Roderick. According
Historian Ibn Abd Hakam, such as quoted by Hugh Kennedy, this expedition
happened because Julian, King Of Ceuta, Morocco, has problem with Roderick.
Julian s daughter impregnated by
Roderick and Julian ask helped to Umayyad Dynasty for attack Spain. At 714 AD,
Umayyad Dynasty can conquer Spain after a series of battle and conquest.
At this time, appear resistance for remnant
of Visigoth s noblemens. One Visigoth Nobleman, Pelayo and other Visigoth
Peoples, moved to Asturias, South Valley at Pyreenes and organized resistance
to Umayyad Dynasty. They can defeat Umayyad Army at Battle Of Covadonga 717 AD,
and make sovereign Christiant Goverment that became basic of Christiant
Kingdoms at North Spain.
And, at 750 AD, Umayyad Dynasty that
centered at Damascus destroyed because coup that doing by Abbasid Group, that
found Abbasid Dynasty. At 756 AD, one Umayyad Prince, Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil
found new Umayyad Dynasty that this capital located at Cordova, Spain. Abdurrahman
I/Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil , became first
Umayyad Caliph who reign from Spain. For his biography, you can read at this
article:
Abdurrahman
Ad-Dakhil: First Umayyad Caliph At Spain.
Umar ibn Hafshun or called by Ibn Hafshun, life beetwen 8- 9 TH
Century. He is one Visigoth nobleman who was became Muslim and at 880 AD,
became robber gang s leader at Mount Of Bobastro, Spain. He provocated people
at Mountain Of Elvira for resistance to Umayyad Dynasty. Imam Dhahabi, one Muslim Historian,
illustrated Umar ibn Hafshun as patient, brave, and never give up figure. According Imam Dhahabi,
he is lead for Sect Of Kharijites at Spain. According Islamic Study and
Research Team Of Egypt, Ibn Hafshun get
supporters from Crossbreed Arabian Societies. At 899 AD, Ibn Hafshun convert to Christiant
for get support from Spanish Christiants. He choose name Samuel for his baptist
name.
Ubaydullah al-Mahdi, first caliph from
Fathimid Dynasty, make alliance with Ibn Hafshum at 909 AD. Ibn Hafshun also
make alliance with alliance with Abbasid and Aghlabid Dynasty.
At 912 AD, Abdurrahman an-Nashir/Abdurrahman
III, became Umayyad Caliph. He still 23
years old. But, has good leadership skill. He reunited Umayyad Caliphate at
Spain that was fragmentated because rebellion. He tried to conquer Regio, one important
fortress for Umar ibn Hafshun and at 917 AD, Umar ibn Hafshun die at Bobastro.
According Imam Dhahabi, he killed at Bobastro. According Islamic Study and Research
Team Of Egypt, he dont get support from Muslims or Christiants after knowed
that he apostate from Islam and convert to Christiant. Umayyad Caliphate,
became strong state at west under Abdurrahman III. For look biography of
Abdurrahman III, you can access this article:
Abdurrahman
III: Biggest Umayyad Caliph At Spain.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif
Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi
Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Imam ad-Dzahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala:
Mutiara Kisah Pilihan Orang-orang Cemerlang Dalam Sejarah Islam ( edisi
ringkas oleh DR.Sulaiman al-Asyqar), Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
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