Today,
we will discuss about Ahmad ibn Thulun, one Turkish Slave who became King of
Egypt and Syria at Abbasid Dynasty Era.He became founder from Thulunid Dynasty.
He is one Turkish Slave who can became territories king at Abbasid Dynasty Era
and founded Thulun Dynasty at Egypt at 9 TH Century. Please read this article
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According
Imam Dhahabi, Ibn Thulun born at 214 Hijriyya. He studied Fiqh ( Islamic Law)
and also Sufism. Father from Ibn Thulun
is Turkish from Ferghana, Uzbekistan. According Philip.K.Hitti and also Imam
Dhahabi, Ibn Thulun s father is slave who became gift to Abbasid Caliph,
al-Mamun. And, because this, Ibn Thulun born at Samara, Iraq. According Afghan
Historian, Tamim Ansary, Abbasid Caliphs
at 9 TH Century, buy many Turkish Slaves from Central Asia, and used them as
guardians. Samara, is city at Iraq that used by Abbasid Caliphs for located his
Turkish Guardians. Capital of Abbasid
Dynasty located at Baghdad, Iraq.
At
868 AD, Ibn Thulun became Abbasid Commander who sended to Egypt. He became
commander for Abbasid Governor of Egypt. At this chance, he tried to get his
indepedence. Abbasid Caliph, al-Mutamid, ask helped to him for help him againt
rebellion of Zanj, and Ibn Thulun doesnt help him. It is, according
Philip.K.Hitti, is turnpoint from Ahmad ibn Thulun. Ibn Thulun, now became indepedence ruler at
Egypt. According Islamic Study and Research Team of Egypt, Ahmad ibn Thulun
separate his territories from Abbasid Dynasty because Abbasid Caliph, al-Muwaffiq And, Thulun Dynasty became indepedence state
, separate from Abbasid Dynasty. Ibn Thulun, build strong army and according
Philip.K.Hitti, number from Thulunid Dynasty Army achieve 100.000 army and many
from them, also Turkish Warriors such as Ahmad ibn Thulun.
At
877 AD, Abbasid Governor at Syria die and Ahmad ibn Thulun, conquer Syria.
According Philip.K.Hitti, it is first from history, since Pharaoh era, Egypt can occupied Syria. Imam Dhahabi, illustrated Ibn Thulun as brave,
firm, and authoritative leader.
According Imam Dhahabi, Ibn Thulun can lead his territories with good
leadership. But, he also has minus value. He is cruel leader and dictator . And
according al-Qudhay, such as quoted by Imam Dhahabi, people who he kill and die at his jail,
according 18.000 mens.
At
other side, he also generous leader. He help several traders with give him
50.000 Dinar as capital . Ahmad ibn
Thulun, also build navy basic at Acre, Palestine. Ahmad ibn Thulun can make
Egypt as one center for Islamic art. One
his build that builded at Egypt, at his age, is Mosque of Ahmad ibn Thulun.
And, this mosque build by Samara s style architecture and completed by Kufi s
caligraphy for his accesories. Irrigation, also became attention from Ahmad ibn
Thulun s regime. This capital, is City
of Qathai, near from City of Fustat, Egypt. Ahmad build lux buildings at his
capital, included hospital. It is show infrastructure buildings at Egypt at
Thulunid Dynasty Era.
According
Islamic Study and Research Team of Egypt, Ahmad ibn Thulun threat Syrian People
with good threatment. Ahmad ibn Thulun s territories achieved River of Eupharate.
Ahmad ibn Thulun die at 270 Hijriyya . And, replaced by his son, Khamarwih. At
his era, Thulunid Dynasty suffered retrogression. Syria fall to Abbasid Dynasty
and Egypt fall into Ikhsid Dynasty.
Refrences:
Hitti,
Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang
Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Tim
Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka
Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Imam
ad-Dzahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala: Mutiara Kisah Pilihan Orang-orang
Cemerlang Dalam Sejarah Islam ( edisi ringkas oleh DR.Sulaiman al-Asyqar),
Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
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