We
know that Ottoman Empire found by Osman Gazi ( ruled 1289-1324 AD). But, at
1402 AD, Ottoman Empire ever fall, until re founded by Mehmed I or mentioned by
Mehmed Celebi, son from Bayezid I. Please read this article until end and
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Mehmed
I or Mehmed Celebi, is one son from Ottoman Sultan, Bayezid I. Bayezid I, is
Ottoman Sultan who ruled from 1389-1402 AD.
He popular because his expansion to Europe and his victory at Battle Of
Nicopolis at 1396 AD againt European Coalition.
At 1402 AD, Bayezid I must faced
Mongols expansion under Tamerlane that became threatment for Ottoman Empire.
According
Mehmed Maksudoglu, Tamerlane s expansion at Asia make Ruler Of Baghdad, Ahmed
Jelayir and Ruler Of Tabriz, Kara Yusuf, fear. Tamerlane, ask Bayezid I extradite them and
Bayezid rejected it. At 1400 AD, Tamerlane attack Fortress Of Sivas, one
Ottoman Empire s fortress at Anatolia.
At 1401 AD, Tamerlane occupied Syria. At 1402 AD, broke battle beetwen
Ottoman Army and Mongols Army at Chubuq,
Ankara, Turkey. At this time, Bayezid
defeated and he imprisoned by Mongols Army. After this battle, happened interregnum at Ottoman Empire. Bayezid s son ruled Ottoman territories.
Sulayman Celebi and Musa Celebi ruled
Ottoman Empire at Europe. Isa
Celebi ruled Anatolia. At this time, Tamerlane also back several territories to
Anatolian Ruler who command several
emirate beetwen Ottoman Empire conquer Anatolia.
But,
Mehmed Celebi can get rid Isa Celebi. He
also can defeat remnant of Mongols Warrior and occupied Tokat and Amasha. Mehmed
Celebi came to Bursa, Anatolia, and defeat Isa Celebi. Isa Celebi, with helped
from several Anatolian Leaders, tried to defeat Mehmed Celebi, and he can
defeated by Mehmed Celebi. Mehmed Celebi can ruled Emirate of Saruhan. Mehmed
also must faced many Emirate at Anatolia. He also faced Musa Celebi and
Sulayman Celebi. From external side, he
must faced remnant of Mongols Army and Knight of ST.John that basic at Island
of Rhodes. And, at 1414 AD, Knight of
ST.John tried to build fortress at Izmir. Because this fortress used for piracy
activities, Mehmed I destroy this fortess.
After
destroy this fortress at one night, Mehmed Celebi permit them build fortress at
South Ottoman Territories. And, they build new fortress at Bodrum ( Halicarnoss). Genovan Administrator at Focha, Midili, and
Sakiz receive Ottoman s ruled and pay tax to Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Army also
re capturd several territories at Anatolia, such as Aqshehir, Saideli,
Begshehri, Otluq Hisari, and other without resistance. At 1415 AD,
broke conflict beetwen Ottoman Empire and State Of Venice. Venice, want firm his domination at Sea of
Mediterranea. Ottoman Navy attack several Venetian s colony at Gallipoli ,Island
of Kikland, and Island of Egriboz. At
1416 AD, Ottoman Navy defeated againt Venetian Admiral, Pietro Lorendano.
Musa,
Mehmed s brother, married daughter from
Mircae, Ruler of Wallachia. Other Wallachian Prince, Dan, want became Ruler of
Wallachia. Mehmed help Dan and Mircae ask helped to King of Hungary,
Szigismund. Mehmed Celebi can defeat Mircae
and Mircae submit to Ottoman Empire. He swear he will send his army for help
Mehmed. At 1416 AD, Ottoman Empire build
Fortress of Giurgu for guarantee loyality from Mircae. Mehmed also fight againt
Kingdom of Hungary and captured Fortress of Saint Severin.
Mustafa
Celebi, became proxy of Byzantine Emperor Manuel ( ruled 1391-1425 AD) for attack
Mehmed Celebi. Mustafa attack Mehmed from Fortress of Thessaloniki. Mehmed ask
Emperor Manuel submit Mustafa. Manuel reject and he swear for imprisoned Mustafa. Mehmed Celebi, die at 1421 AD, because sick
and replaced by his son, Murad II. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
For biography of Murad II, you can access this link:
Sultan
Murad II: The Great Educator.
Refrences:
Maksudoglu,
Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah
Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.
Tim
Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka
Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
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