Today,
we will discuss about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s policy
for drive out Jewishs from Medina. How he doing this policy?. Ok, please read
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At
622 AD, Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and his shahabas moved
to Medina from Mecca because avoid disruption from Pagan Quraish at Mecca. At Medina, life several Jewishs Tribe. Such as Tribe of Quraydha, Qaynuqa, and
Nadhir. Three big Jewish Tribe at Medina. And, other Jewish Tribes, such as
Tribe of Awf, Aws, Najjar, Harith, Saida, Jusham, and Thalaba. They are Jewish
Tribes that became settlers at Medina.
Origin
of Jewishs at Arabia, can searched from notes of Sebeos, 7 TH Armenian
Historian, Sebeos, is one Armenian Bishop who write History Of Heraclius, such
as cited by Hussam Itani. At his book, Sebeos write, when Byzantine Army
under Emperor Heraclius besieged City of Edessa, many Jewishs at City of
Edessa leave their city and went to one place that mentioned as Tachkastan by
Sebeos. At this place, they meet Arabian. It is clearly that mentioned at this
note, is Arabia Peninsula. According Syrian Historian Ibn Kathir, Jewishs came
to Medina and they meet Arabians at Medina that at future became Anshar (
native of Medina who help Propeth Muhammad when propeth moved from Mecca to Medina). According Philip.K.Hitti, Jewishs at Medina,
is remnant of Palestinian Jewishs who escape from Roman Empire when Roman
Empire annexed Palestine at 1 TH Century. According Philip, name of Madina was
started from before Propeth moved to this city. Jewishs Settlers, give name “Madinta”
, taken from Aramaic (Old Syrian) Language,to
Yashtrib ( old name of Medina). Word of “Madinta” changed into Madina at age of
Islam. Jewish Tribe from Nadhir and Quraydha, work as palmfruit farmers at
Medina. And, it is make Madina became center from palmfruit s farming.
According
Ibn Kathir, they was exist before Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam
born. And, they wait for one propeth
from Quraish who will came to Medina. It is refer to Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam. At 622 AD, Propeth
Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and his shahabas went to Medina.
Propeth Muhammad make brotherhood beetwen Muhajir ( Muslims imigrant from
Mecca) and Anshar ( Natives of Medina). Propeth Muhammad also make covenant with
Jewishs Tribes at Medina. From this covenant, several points is Jewishs Tribes
get freedom for run their religions and also run their bussiness. Jewishs
Tribes at Medina, must help Muslims from Muhajir and Anshar for faced enemy
from Pagan Quraishs and also all enemy that attack Medina.
Lately,
Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam drive out big Jewish Tribes at
Medina. How he do this?. This moment, started by drive out from Tribe of Qaynuqa
and Tribe of Nadhir. Tribe of Nadhir,
drive out from Medina before Battle of Uhud at 625 AD, at same year. Other
version said after Battle of Uhud. According Imam Dhahabi, Tribe of Qaynuqa drive out from Medina
because their betrayal harrased one Arabian Woman. Propeth Muhammad also drive out Tribe of
Nadhir to Syria because they betrayal and make alliance with Pagan Quraish for fight
againt Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam. Tribe of Quraydha, Propeth
Muhammad drive out from Medina because they help Pagan Quraish Army for attack
Medina at Battle of Khandaq 627 AD. And, this conflict will next to Battle of
Khaybar, that will discussed at next article.
Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif
Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Imam
ad-Dzahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala Jilid 1: Pembahasan Sejarah Nabi (
Kelahiran Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam-Perang Khandaq), Tahqiq oleh
Syuaib al Arnauth & Team, Pustaka Azzam, 2017.
-------------:Siyar
Alam an-Nubala Jilid 2:Pembahasan Sejarah Nabi ( Perang Dzaturriqa-Wafatnya
Rasulullah Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam), Tahqiq oleh Syuaib al Arnauth &
Team, Pustaka Azzam, 2017 M.
Hatta,
Ahmad, dkk: The Great Story Of Muhammad :
Referensi Lengkap Hidup Rasulullah Saw
Dari Sebelum Kelahiran Hingga Detik-detik Terakhir, Maghfirah
Pustaka.2017 M.
Imam
Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.
Itani,
Hussam: Penaklukan Muslim Di Mata Bangsa Taklukan, Penerbit Alvabet,
2019 M.
Kennedy,
Hugh: Penaklukkan Muslim Yang Mengubah Dunia, Penerbit Alvabet, 2019 M.
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