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Alp Arslan: Muslim Sultan Who Captured Byzantine Emperor

 

Source: worldmilitaryhistory.blogspot.com.

At previous article, we was discuss about his successor, Tugrul Bey who found Seljuq Empire. Now, we will discuss about Alp Arslan, Seljuq biggest sultan who defeat Byzantine Army at Battle of Manzikert 1071 AD. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help our blog s development that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization. Before we know about this figure, you should read about Tugrul Bey:

Tugrul Bey: Founder from Seljuq Empire

Alp Arslan ( ruled 1063-1072 AD),  is cousin from  Tugrul Bey and born at 1030 AD . His original name is Muhammad ibn Jughri Bey ibn Davud ibn Michael ibn Seljuq ibn Duqaq. When Tugrul Bey s reign era, Alp Arslan became Seljuq Governor at Khorasan ( East Iran) and Central Asia. At 1062/1063 AD, Tugrul die and Alp Arslan replace his postion as Seljuq Sultan. He still 32/33 years at this time.  At early  his era, many revolution and rebellion broke at Seljuq Era, because he is still young. But, Alp Arslan can strengthen his power and defeat all revolution at his era.

Alp, after this, want ended Fathimid Dynasty that based at Cairo, Egypt . He started by attack Mirdasid Dynasty at Aleppo, Syria, and he forced Mirdasid Dynasty leader, Mahmoud ibn Shalih ibn Mirdas read pray for Abbasid Dynasty. He also direct expedition to Damascus, Byblos, Tiberias, Ramla, and Jerusalem that under Fathimid Dynasty s supremacy.  At 1070 AD, Seljuq Commander, Atsiz , can entered Jerusalem and seized Palestine from Fathimid Dynasty.

At 1064 AD, Alp Arslan can seized Ani, capital from Christiant Kingdom of Armenia. And, after this, he fight againt Byzantine Empire at long battle. He also occupied one Byzantine Territories. At Alp Arslan s era, Islamic Holy Places at Hijaz was backed to Abbasid Caliphate that adherent Sunni-Islam School. Lecturer at Mecca and Medina,  recited with  name of Abbasid Caliph, Al-Qaim bi Amrillah.  At 1065 AD, Byzantine new Emperor,Romanus IV, make peace covenant with Alp Arslan. Alp Arslan agree , because he want ended Fathimid Dynasty.

At 1071 AD, Alp Arslan agree this covenant. Romanus IV broke this covenant. He collect Christiant Army for attack Baghdad, capital from Abbasid Caliphate, and attack Baghdad. His target, destroy Baghdad  with massive destroyed. According Jihad at-Turbani, Romanus s army consist of Byzantine Army, Frankish Army, British, Rus, Bosnians, Georgians, Norman, Turkish Christians, and Bulgarian and Armenian Mercenaries.

Syrian Historian, Ibn Kathir, write that this army consist from Byzantine, Karj ( Georgians), Frenchs, and other. Romanus ( Ibn Kathir called him as Armanus) bring 100.000 pioners army , and 35.000 Frenchs Army. With them, also join 35.000 Patricks ( Byzantine Commander)  who all Patricks  bring 500-2000 cavalrymens.  They also bring mangonels. Byzantine Army, tried to attack Syria. Several kings at Iraq and Khorasan (East Iran) submit to them.  Ottoman Historian, Mehmet Maksudoglu, claimed that their number are 200.000 mens.

Seljuq Sultan, Alp Arslan, faced them at Manzikert, with army that approach  20.000 army (54.000 according Maksudoglu) .  Sultan Alp Arslan, assisted by one scholar, Abu Nashr Muhammad ibn Abd Malik al-Bukhari ( different with Imam Bukhari). At begin, Sultan Alp Arslan fear with enemy s number.  Mehmet Maksudoglu, mentioned that before battle,  Seljuq s negotiator, Sav Tigin, ask peace covenant. Emperor Romanus rejected and want fight againt Seljuq Army. At 26 August 1071 AD, Seljuq Army and Byzantine fight at Manzikert, East Anatolia.  At this moment, Alp Arslan used hit and run tactic.  Central batalyon from Seljuq Army retreat when Byzantine Coalition Army forward, and at this time, right and left flight for Seljuq Army besieged Byzantine Army. Byzantine Coalition Army defeated at this moment. Romanus captured by Alp Arslan.

But, Alp Arslan liberated him and send him back to Byzantine Territories. At 1072 AD, he die because coup that doing by several Byzantine Generals and disease at his brain. Also at 1072 AD, Alp Arslan die at Central Asia. He killed when fight with traitor Yusuf the Khwarezmian. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.

Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.

Cahen, Claude: Alp-Arslan | Seljuq Sultan & Conqueror of Byzantium | Britannica, accesed 6 September 2025, 09: 39


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