Tugrul Bey: Founder from Seljuq Empire

 

Source:Haberturk.com.

Today, we will discuss about Tugrul Bey, founder from Seljuq Empire. Seljuq Empire, is giant Turkish Empire, that at future, became origin of Ottoman Empire. And, this dynasty also keep important role at Islamic History at middle age. Please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more contents about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy bern for you, but have big role for develop our blog that  focuss at Islamic History and Civilization. And, dont forget for read this article until end for get complete informations about this topic. Lets start it.

Tugrul Bey s origin, started from Seljuq ibn Duqaq, one Turkish Warrior from Central Asia . According Jihad at-Turbani, he is Khazar Jewish who convert to Islam. But, according Philip.K.Hitti, he is one is chief from Tribe of Ghuz ad they originated from Central Asia. Swljuq and his tribe, stay at Bukhara, Uzbekistan. According Philip.K.Hitti, at his early age, Ghuz tribe are adherent from Nestorianism ( one East Christiant Sect). And, at Bukhara, they convert to Sunni Islam. Seljuq and his tribe doing voyage to territories of Ilek Kingdom and Samanid Dynasty.

Tugrul, is grandson from Seljuq. He born at 990 AD. With his brother, Michael , Tugrul doing voyage to Khorasan. At 1037 AD, they can captured Merv and Nishapur from Ghaznavid Dynasty. Ibn Kathir, Syrian Historian, said that Tugrul bey can occupied Jurjan and Thabaristan. He also occupied east territories, such as Khwarizm, Dahistan, This, Rayy, mountain territories, and also Qazvin.  According Ibn Kathir, Tugrul Bey  has big influence and wide territories.   At 434 Hijriyya, Thugrul Bey also captured Isfahan from Buyid Dynasty. One leader from Buyid Dynasty, Abu Manshur ibn Abi Kalijar al-Buwayhi, married his daughter to Tugrul Bey.

After this, Tugrul fight againt Byzantine Empire. Tugrul can achieve victory at his battle againt Byzantine Empire.After battle, Byzantine Empire and Seljuq Empire doing ceasefire.  At Tugrul s era also, system from Seljuq Dynasty shaped. Tugrul became highest king with Rayy as capital. And, other Seljuq s descedant lead other territories. Tugrul s nephew, Alp Arslan ibn Daud, became assistant. Tugrul doesnt has descedant. Baghdad as Abbasid Caliphate dynasty s capital, at this time, was under Buyid Dynasty as protectorate. For know about Buyid dynasty and how they captured Abbasid Caliphate, you can access this article:
Ahmad ibn Buwayh: From Firewood Searcher to King

At 1055 AD, Tugrul and his army moved to Baghdad for captured this city from Buyid Dynasty. At this time, exist Al-Qaim ( ruled 1031-1075 AD) as Abbasid Caliph, but Baghdad lead by one Buyid Commander, al-Basasiri. When Thugrul and his army moved to Baghdad, Basasiri leave Baghdad. Tugrul Bey, entered Baghdad and get welcome from Abbasid Caliph. Caliph al-Qaim, coronated Tugrul as new guardian of Abbasid Caliphate. Caliph Al-Qaim give title “Sultan” to Tugrul.

Tugrul, after this, moved to north territories for one expedition. Basasiri, back at 1058 AD occupied Baghdad with several Daylamid Warriors. He doing it with mandate of Fathimid Dynasty. Basasiri can forced Caliph al-Qaim to sign document statement of allegiance to Fathimid Caliph, al-Mustanshir ( ruled 1035-1094 AD). Qaim submit badge of caliphate and also his turban, and window from his palace to Caliph al-Mustanshir.  At 1060 AD, Tugrul back to Baghdad and kill Basasiri. Dailamyd Armed Group disbanded and Buyid Dynasty ended de facto.

According Ottoman Historian, Mehmet Maksudoglu, at 1054 AD, Seljuq Empire under Tugrul bey was entered Anatolia that became Byzantine Territories. Tugrul Bey s goverment era ended at 1063 AD. His successor, Alp Arslan, next Seljuq s expansion to Anatolia. And, we will discuss it next.

Refrences:

Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

Imam Ibnu Katsir: Al-Bidayah Wa an-Nihayah, Penerbit Insan Kamil, 2020 M.

At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.

Maksudoglu, Prof.DR.Mehmet: The Untold History Of Ottoman: Menelusuri Daulah Islamiyah Terbesar di Dunia dan Pemerintahannya, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2023 M.

Stark, MR: 1:Sultan Tughrul Bey: Founder of the Great Seljuk Empire | by MrStark | Medium, accesed 5 September 2025, 09: 23 AM.