Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Manshour: Al-Mohad Sultan Who Rejected Philosophy ( Part 1)

 

Source: sejarahkerajaanabbasiyah1.com.

Today, we will discuss about Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Manshour, Al-Mohad Dynasty Sultan who rejected philosophy and burn s phillosophy s books that written by Ibn Rushd, one Muslim Spanish Philosopher, until make conflict with Ibn Rushd. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for develop our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization s education for people. And, dont forget for read this article until end for get more informations about Islamic History and Civilization for people.

He has full title Amir al Muminin Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Sultan Yusuf ibn Sultan Abd Mukmin ibn Ali al-Qaisi al-Kumi. He born at  Marrakech, Morocco, at 1160 AD. And according Islamic Historian Imam Dhahabi, Yaqub became minister at era his father, Sultan Yusuf ibn Abd al-Mukmin s goverment era. And, when became minister, he control all goverment s institution with good control.  And, at 1184 AD, Yaqub became Sultan of Al-Mohad Dynasty  that ruled North Africa and Spain after his father s die. And, when he became sultan, he still 32 years old. Many candidates want seize his goverment.

At begin his goverment, he must faced rebellion from Ali ibn Ghaniyya. Ali ibn Ghaniyya support Abbasid Caliphate and occupied several Al-Mohad s territories such as Jayah and Fortress of Bani Hamad. And, Yaqub fight againt Ibn Ghaniyya until this rebel defeated. He also fight againt his brother who rebel , Yahya. And, Yaqub also can defeated  Yahya s army until Yahya run to desert.  Yaqub also seized Territories of Gafsa and doing slaughtered at this city.

But, according Imam Dhahabi, Yaqub regret and he tried to became simple leader. He tried to near with Islamic Scholars. Yaqub also erase School of Maliki from his territories and also replaced him with School of Zhahiri. And, he also honoured Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam)  s scholars.

According Imam Dhahabi, Sultan Yaqub is Koran ( Islamic Holy Book) s Memorizer. He also memorized many Hadiths and can speak about Fiqh ( Islamic law). And, Sultan Yaqub also philantrope leader.  He make dormitory for ophans that placed by 1000 orphans and he also appointed 10 teachers for teach them. And, Imam Dhahabi also write at Eid al Adha ( one Islamic Celebration for slaughter farm animal), he split less than  70.000 goats.

And, his policies, he forbid liquor at his territory. One day, he want know are at Al-Mohad s territories exist liquor. He ask his doctor, Abu Jafar at-Thayyib for make one medicine that need liquor for material. Sultan Yaqub ask Abu Jafar for search liquor secretly. And, Abu Jafar doesnt get it. Became signal that at this territories, liquor dont exist.

Also, at this era, many Jewishs and Christiants  at Al Mohad territory convet to Islam. And, undercover all this, Sultan Yaqub has conflict with Ibn Rushd, one biggest Muslim Philosopher from Spain. Ibn Rushd, (1126-1198 AD) work as doctor for Al-Mohad Dynasty and active at philosophy. Mentioned by Ahmet.T.Kuru, at 1195 AD, Yaqub punished Ibn Rushd because request from several scholars. Yaqub  slam that Ibn Rushd make work that mentioned that Venus is god, and he exiled Ibn Rushd at one small city. For know about Ibn Rushd s biography, you can access this article:

Ibn Rushd: Spanish Muslim Philosopher.

To be continued.

Refrences:

Kuru, Ahmet.T.: Islam , Otorianisme, dan Ketertinggalan: Perbandingan Lintas Zaman dan Kawasan di Dunia Muslim, Penerbit KPG ( Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), 2021 M.

Imam ad-Dhahabi: Siyar Alam an-Nubala: Mutiara Kisah Pilihan Orang orang Cemerlang Dalam Sejarah Islam ( edisi ringkas oleh DR.Sulaiman al-Asyqar), Penerbit al-Kautsar, 2019 M.

The Editors Of Encyclopaedia Britannica: Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr | Almohad Caliph, Moroccan Sultan | Britannica, accesed 26 October 2025, 08:56 AM.