Ibn Rushd: Spanish Muslim Philosopher.

 

Source: Tirtoid.

Today, we will discuss about Ibn Rushd, Spanish Muslim Philosopher at middle age. He popular as his one Muslim Philosopher at end of Middle East.  Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and Civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that educate people about Islamic History and Civilization.

Ibn Rushd , who has original name Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Rushd, or in English popular by Averroes, is one Spanish Philosopher who born at 1126 AD at Cordova, Spain . When he was young, Ibn Rushd studied Qanun ( medicine book that written by Ibn Sina). He also studied severl branchs of knowledges, such as mathematics, physics, logica, and also philosophy.

Ibn Rushd, also studied Fiqh ( Islamic Law) from several Muslim Scholars at Spain. They are Abu Marwan Ibn Masarra, Abu al-Aim Bawashkal, Abu Jafar Ibn Abd Aziz, Abdullah al-Maziri and Abu Muhammad Ibn Rizq.  At medicine, Ibn Rushd studied to Abu Jafar Harun at-Tirjali and Abu Marwan Ibn Kharbul.  From his teacher at philosophy is Ibn Bajjah /Avempace ( life 1095-1138 AD). Ibn Bajjah is one expert at philosophy,  who also mastered several knowledges, such as astronomy, physics, and also botany. 

Ibn Rushd, life when Spain and North Africa under Muslim Dynasty Of al-Mohads ( at Arabic : al-Muwahhidun). This dynasties, according Historian Ahmet Kuru, is dynasty that adherent puritant Islamic Ideology. But, they so open hand with philosophy. Ibn Rushd, also meet one Spanish Philosopher, Ibn Thufayl who introduced him to Abu Yaqub Ruler from al-Mohads Dynasty. Abu Yaqub, is ruler who has interest to philosophy and e give duty to Ibn Rushd for write Arabian Interpretation for Aristoteles , One Greek Philisophers, s works. Ibn Rushd, promoted Aristoteles s works, but he also make critics written to Aristoteles s work. Ibn Rushd also write Islamic Philosophy book, titled Kitab al-Fashl al Maqal wa Taqrir ma bayn al-Syariah wa al-Hikmah min al-Ittishal (  explained about relation beetwen Sharia/Islamic Law and wisdom). At this book, he write Muslims must studied philosophy.

It is, because Koran ( Islamic Holy Book) as believers for studied and think about earth, animals, and sky. Ibn Rushd, also  discuss critics that doing by Abu Hamid al - Ghazali to philosophers. As we know, Ghazali criticize philosphy and show no simpatic attitude to Islamic Philosophy. His critics to Ghazali written at his book, Tahafut al-tahafut ( confusion from confusion)  About Ghazali s biography, we was discuss it at below article:

Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali: Persian Sufism Scholar.

According Ibn Rushd, Ghazali make mistake with said god managed his creatures like a tyran ruler.  Ibn Rushd still became scholar  and philosopher under al-Mohad Dynasty s patronage. Until, Abu Yaqub s son, Yaqub al-Manshour ( ruled 1184-1199 AD), replaced his father.  Al-Manshour, because provocation from several scholars, command burn Ibn Rushd s books and he also punished Ibn Rushd and other philosophers because their activity at philosophy, with throw them to small city. It is happened at 1195 AD. 

Though Ibn Rushd carrier ended with exile, according Ahmet Kuru, his services at philosophy so influenced Europe s think and according Ahmet Kuru, Ibn Rushd s exile became turnpoint. Islamic Civilization leave philosophy . Ibn Rushd influenced Jewish Philosopher at middle age, Moshe ben Maimon/Maimonides ( life 1135-1204 AD).  He is one biggest Jewish Philosopher who originated from Spain.  According Researcher Rossi Delta Fitrianah, when he was life, Ibn Rushd popular as  generous people. At 1198  AD, Ibn Rushd die after he evident dont have mistake to Yaqub al-Manshour. May Allah Subhanahu wataala bless him.

Refrences:

Kuru, Ahmet.T.: Islam , Otorianisme, dan Ketertinggalan: Perbandingan Lintas Zaman dan Kawasan di Dunia Muslim, Penerbit KPG ( Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), 2021 M.

Fitrianah, R. D. (2018). Ibnu Rusyd (Averroisme) Dan Pengaruhnya Dibarat. El-Afkar: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman dan Tafsir Hadis, 7(1), 15-30.

Iskandar, Muhammad Iqbal: Profil Ibnu Rusyd, Filsuf & Ilmuwan Muslim Besar serta Karyanya, accesed 29 March 2025, 10: 00 AM.