Today,
we will discuss about Al-Waqidi, one Muslim Early Historian who write Islamic
History with military approach, of course at biography of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam. . His work, Al-Maghazi, tell us about Propeth
Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s battles and he write is with
geographic and military approach and he
also one traveler at this age. Please read this article until end and subscribe
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Al-Waqidi,
has full name Muhammad ibn Umar al-Waqidi. He born at Medina, Saudi Arabia, at
748 AD. According Badri Yatim, he is
Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi
Wasallam ) scholar, traveler, and also Arabian Historian. He traveled to
several cities, such as Hijaz ( Mecca, Medina, Taif, and also Jeddah), cities
of Syria, Baghdad, and others.
He
traveled for studied. And, he studied to several scholars, such as Muhammad ibn
Ajlan, Ibn Juraji, Mamar ibn Rashid,
Ibnu Zib, Sufyan at-Thawry, and also Imam Malik, founder of Maliki
School.
At
180 Hijriyya, he studied to Baghdad after this went to Syria, and when back to
Baghdad, he became Qadhi ( Islamic judge) for Abbasid Caliph, Harun
ar-Rashid. According Badri Yatim, quoted Ibn Nadim, Al-Waqidi write 30 title of
books, such as at knowledge of Koran ( Islamic Holy Book), Hadiths, Fiqh (
Islamic law), and also history. And, many his books discuss about history. His
works, discuss history of Arabians before Islam, preach of Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam, and Islamic Caliphate until 795 AD, and this book series
named by Tarikh al-Kabir ( the big history).
According
Badri Yatim, his work that achieve now generation , only Al-Maghazi, one
book about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s battles. At this book, Waqidi doesnt used
Hadiths approach that used by before historians at Medina such as Urwah ibn
Zubayr and Musa ibn Uqba. Hadiths approach, used narrations method. Waqidi, try
to used different method. When explained about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam s battles, Waqidi used military and geographical approach.
At all battles, Waqidi explained about war commander, geographical location,
and final from battle. According Badri Yatim,
several Hadiths that narrated by Al-Waqidi considered cannot trusted by several
scholars.
Khatib
al-Baghdadi , one historian from Baghdad at 4 Hijriyya, said that Hadiths that
narrated by Al-Waqidi mixed beetwen original and false Hadiths. Imam Bukhari,
Imam Muslim, and Imam Nasai, also criticize Al-Waqidi s Hadiths . According
them, Hadiths that narrated by Waqidi, dont trusted by many peoples. Badri
Yatim said that Al-Waqidi s method for write history, far from Medina s
historians method that used Hadith s method. Before him, several Historians
from Medina, such as Urwah ibn Zubayr ( die 712 AD) and Ibn Shihab az-Zuhri (
die 742 AD) , two early historian from Medina. When
write his book about Maghazi, Al-Waqidi
Al-Waqidi,
die at 823 AD. Badri Yatim said, that he
is one Medinan Historian who was freelance from Medinan s Historian s
principes. And, this legacy is Islamic Historiography with geographic and
military approach. Philip.K.Hitti said
that Waqidi s work about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s
battles is one early book about Propeth Muhammad Shallahu
Alaihi Wasallam s battles with other book , Maghazi by Musa ibn Uqba ( die 758 AD) that used
Hadiths approach .May Allah Subhanahuwataala bess them.
Refrences:
Yatim,
Badri: Historiografi Islam, Penerbit
Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1997 M.
-----------:Al-Waqidi - Ensiklopedia Islam,
accesed 24 October 2025, 05: 04 AM.
Hitti,
Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang
Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
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