Today,
we will discuss about Sayf ibn Umar, one Iraqi Historian at Early Islamic
History who has controvertion about his debute as historian. He is historian from Kufa Schools , one
Islamic History School at Islamic History, who has subjectivity for defend
Caliph Ali ib Abi Thalib, and also accused liar from several sides. Please read
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Sayf
ibn Umar al-Asadi al-Tamimi, is one Iraqi Historian from Tribe of Tamim who die at 796 AD. According Badri Yatim, he
originated from School of Kufa, one school at Islamic History. School of Kufa,
with School of Medina and Yemen, are schools of Islamic Historiography at Early
Islamic History. Not many know about Sayf s biography. But, at Historiography,
he combined method from Iraq and Medina. He write several books, such as Kitab
Futuh al-Kabir wa al-Riddah and Kitab al-Jamal min Siyar Aisyah wa Ali.
At
his secondo book, Kitab al-Jamal, Sayf describe about conflict at era of
Caliph Ali ibn Abi Thalib, fourth caliph from Rashidun Caliphate ( ruled
656-661 AD). At his works, Sayf has subjectivity for defend Ali ibn Abi Thalib,
remember Iraqis at this age are defender from Caliph Ali ibn Abi Thalib. And,
he also many write about his tribe, Tribe of Tamim. His work about Islamic
Expansion at Iraq ,many tell about Tribe of Tamim. Included his tribe s
tradition. Mentioned by Badri Yatim, he get narrations about history from
Shuayb ibn Ibrahim. And, his work , influenced by Traditional Arabic
Historiography, Al-Ayyam.
About
his credibility, several historians
doubt his credibility. Such as Khalid ibn Yahya Blankinship and Parvaneh
Pourshariati . Parvaneh said that Saif ibn Umar make narrations that cannot
trusted and make fictional characters as Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Traditions from
Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam ) s narrators. And, it is also
because Saif ever accused as heretic at era of Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mahdi , at
783 AD. And, also mentioned that Saif ibn Umar rejected by several Hadith
Scholars at his age. Imam Dhahabi, such as quoted by Researcher Damar Perdana,
said that Saif is heretic and doesnt good people.
And,
uniquely, his narrations about Islamic History many quoted by several Islamic
Historians, such as Ibn Kathir and Imam Tabari. Ibn Kathir, when discuss about History
of Rashidun Caliphate, quoted Sayf ibn Umar for severals stories, such as
Conquest of Persia at era Caliph Umar ibn Khattab ( ruled 634-644 AD), second
caliph from Rashidun Caliphate, and murdered of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan (ruled
644-656 AD), third caliph from Rashidun Caliphate. Ibn Kathir said that Sayf
ibn Umar get narrations from his several teachers,
And,
Ibn Kathir said that Sayf ibn Umar s narrations are good. Concisely, at this
problem, exist several arguments about Sayf ibn Umar s credibility. Exist who
said that his argument cannot trusted at historiography. And, exist who said
from them said that his narrations can became
refrence for Islamic History.
Refrences:
Al-Hafizh
Ibnu Katsir: Perjalanan Hidup Empat Khalifah Rasul Yang Agung, Penerbit
Darul Haq, 2012 M.
Hitti,
Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang
Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.
Yatim,
Badri: Historiografi Islam,
Penerbit Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1997 M.
Anonymous:
Penaklukan
Persia (21): Kontroversi Saif bin Umar (1) – Gana Islamika, accesed 30
October 2025, 15: 54 AM.
Perdana,
Damar: Siapakah
Abdullah bin Saba'? - Muslim Menjawab, accesed 30 October 2025, 15: 58 AM.
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