One day, we will discuss about Ibn Taymiyya, one Islamic Puritant Scholar who appear at Mongols Invasion Era. He also get title Sheykh al-Islam. Today, we will discuss his journey until became one Islamic big Scholar at hard era. Ok, please read this article until end and subscribe my blog for more information about Islamic History and civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for support our blog that educate people about Islamic History and Civilization.
Ibn Taymiyya, born at 661 H, with name Ahmad Ibn Abd Halim Ibn Abd as-Salam Ibn Abdullah Ibn Taqiy addin Abul Abbas an-Numairi al-Amiri al-Harrani. He born at City Of Harran, Turkey. He popular with nickname Ibn Taimiyya, name of his grandmother who also big scholar. But, according Afghan Historian, Tamim Ansary, Ibn Taymiyya originally is Syrian. When Mongols Army invaded Harran under Hulagu Khan, Ibn Taimiyya s family escaped to Damascus, Syria.
At Damascus, Ibn Taymiyya studied several Islamic Knowledges and he was became Islamic Judge at young age. Ibn Taymiyya, grown up at Syria, that at this time, destroyed because Crusade and Mongols Invasion. It is influenced Ibn Taimiyya s argument at interpreted how Islam practise at his era, that puritant and hard.
He has third point for his mind. First, Islam as religion is true religion, but Muslims suffered degradation because they dont apply Islamic Sharia ( religion law). For back to his glory, Muslims must back to way of life that apply by Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and his shahabas. Second, Muslims must fight at Jihad ( holy war) for expand community people who obey to Allah Subhanahuwataala. And , third, Jihad , not only for attack infidels that attack Islamic Territories, such as heretics, apostates, and Muslims who interpreted Koran ( Islamic Holy Book) with Non textuality interpretation.
Ibn Taymiyya, think Koran and Hadiths, cannot interpreted by human besides textual interpretation. Ibn Taimiyya ask Muslims join life method that doing by al-Salaf al-Salihin/ the elder generation ( at this context refer to Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam and his shahabas). Ibn Taymiyya, also forbid Muslims mix Islam and tradition at religion practise.
As one scholar , Ibn Taimiyya has big role at Mameluke-Mongols War and his role, with Allah Subhanahuwataala s helped, deliver Mameluke Army to victory. At 13001303 AD, happened Mongols Invasion under Mongols Emperor at Persia, Mahmoud Ghazan to Syria and Egypt boundaries, that are Mameluke Dynasty Territories that centered at Egypt. Ibn Taymiyya meet Ghazan. Because at Damascus, Ghazan s army rob this city and impoverished peoples at Damascus. Ibn Taimiyya, meet Ghazan for talk about peace.
He also meet with two Mongols Minister, Sad addin and Rashid addin. Sad addin and Rashid addin ask bribe from Ibn Taymiyya. Ibn Taymiyya went and Mongols Army achieve Jersalem and al-Khaleel, Palestine and Kerak at Jordan. Mongols Army destroyed and captured hostages.
Ibn Taymiyya, at 699 H, Ibn Taymiyya negosiated with Mongols Commander, Bulay at Mongols Army Basecamp. At Mongols Camp , also exist prisoners from Muslims and Non Muslims. Ibn Taymiyya negosiated with Bulay for liberate all prisoners, Muslims or Non Muslims from Mongols Camp. All prisoners can liberated. Mongols Army want attack Damascus and they was approach Damascus. Ibn Taymiyya at this moment, came to liquor cafe at Damascus and destroy liquors. At this moment, Ruler Of Damascus ask civilians who can fight for keep Damascus Fortress and this liquor cafe, make many Damascenes negligent from this duty. Ibn Taimiyya give lecture to Damascenes that keep Fortress Of Damascus for keep patient. At 2 Ramadhan 702 H/1303 AD, Mameluke Army under Sultan Muhammad Ibn Qalawun and Mongols Army under Mahmoud Ghazan fight at Battle Of Syaqhab. Ibn Taymiyya has big role for advanced Mameluke Army. Mameluke Army achieve big victory at this battle. At 703 H/1304 AD, Ghazan die and Mameluke-Mongols War at Syria ended.
At Fiqh ( Islamic Law,), Ibn Taymiyya has work titled Majmu al-Fatawa and Al-Muntaqa min Ahadits al-Ahkam that explained by Imam Shawkani at his book, Nail al-Authar. For know about Imam Shawkani biography, you can access this link:
Imam Shawkani: Yemen Scholar Who Forgotten at History.
Ibn Taymiyya die at 728 AD after leave many legacy for Islamic World. May Allah Subhanahuwataala bless him.
Refrences:
At-Turbani, Jihad: 100 Tokoh Islam Yang Mengubah Sejarah, Penerbit Aqwam, 2016 M.
Tim Riset dan Studi Islam Mesir: Ensiklopedi Sejarah Islam, Pustaka Al-Kautsar, 2019 M.
Thaqqus, DR.Muhammad Suhail: Bangkit dan Runtuhnya Dinasti Mamluk di Mesir dan Syam, Pustaka al-Kautsar, 2018.
Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.
Syaikh DR.Shalih bin Fauzan al-Fauzan: Ringkasan Fikih Lengkap, Penerbit Darul Falah, 2015 M.
Anonymous: Mengenal Sosok Syaikul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah | Almanhaj, accesed 15 March 2025, 09: 42 AM.
Tuasikal, Muhammad Abduh: Biografi Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah - Rumaysho.Com, accesed 15 March 2025, 09: 42 AM.
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