Ibadi Muslims: One Unique Islamic Branch at Islamic History

 

Source: Hidayatullah.

Exist one branch from Islam that dont categoryzed as Sunni or Shia. It is Ibadi. This branch, spread at Oman, Zanzibar, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria and called by moderate Muslims s sect. Ad this sect, born from Kharijite. Please read this article until end and subscibe my blog for more informations about Islamic History and Civilizations. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help our blog s progress that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization s education.And, dont forget, read until end for get complete information about this topic.

Kharijite, is one extremist sect that appear at Ali ibn Abi Thalib , fourth caliph from Rashidun Caliphate ( ruled 656-661 AD). This sect, rebel to Caliph Ali ibn Abi Thalib and at 661 AD, one follower from this sect, Ibn Muljam, kill Caliph Ali ibn Abi Thalib. For know more about this sect, you can access this article”
Origin Of Kharijites: One Earliest Extreme Sect at Islamic History.

According Ali Yahya Muammar, founder from sect of Ibadiyya is Abu al-Shatha Jabir ibn Zayd al-Azdi who born at 22 Hijriyya and die at 92 Hijriyya. At begin, this sect is part from Kharijites. And, at 686  AD, leader from this sect, Abdullah ibn Ibad, separated from one Kharijite Sect, Azariqa.  Abdullah ibn Ibad, reject takfiri ( easy considered people as infidel, usually exist at Islamic Extremist Group). Ibn Ibad, reject join with Sect of Azariqa for resist Umayyad Caliphate that lead by Abd Malik ibn Marwan. Sect of Ibadiyya, used Koran ( Islamic Holy Book), Sunnah ( Islamic Tradition from Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam), Ijma ( council from many scholars), Qiyas ( law analog) and Istidlal that included Istihsan and Maslaha Mursala ( weigh goodness at one problem).

Abdullah ibn Ibad, choose diplomatic way for criticize Umayyad s dynasty. He persuated Abd Malik ibn Marwan for became fair leader and make Rashidun Caliphate that lead Muslims after Propeth Muhammad Shallahu Alaihi Wasallam s die as example. Abdullah ibn Ibad also cursed extremism that became ideology from Kharijite s group. Ibadi Scholars, was productive write from age to age. At begin of Ibadi sect, Jabir ibn Zayd write one big book about this arguments. This book disappear at Abbasid Dynasty Era (750-1258 AD). At 2 Century of Hijriyya ( circa 800 AD), one Ibadi Scholar, Rabi ibn Habib, write his Hadiths ( Islamic Oral Tradition from Propeth Muhammad) s book that became Ibadi follower s cannon at Sunnah. And according Ibadi adherents, this book have validity over than Shahih Bukhari and Shahih Muslim , two Hadith Book Cannon from Sunni Muslim. 

At 719 AD, Ideology of Ibadi, spread to North Africa by one Ibadi s preacher , Salma ibn Sad. At 740 AD, Tribe of Huwara ( descedant from Arabians and Berber) at Libya , adherent this ideology.  At 162 Hijriyya, Abdurrahman ibn Rostam ibn Bahram, one Ibadi Imam from Persian Descedant, found Rostemid Dynasty at North Africa with capital at Tiaret, Algeria.  Abdurrahman doesnt first leader. First leader is  Abu Khattab, at age of Khattab, Rostemid Dynasty have capital at Tripoly, Libya. At 761 AD, Abbasid Army attack Rostemid Dynasty and Abu Khattab die. Second Rostemid Dynasty, Abu Hatim al-Mayzuzi, die at 768 AD when tried revolt againt Abbasid Dynasty.  Abdurrahman ibn Rostam, became third leader from Rostamid Dynasty. At 777 AD, Abdurrahman moved capital from Tripoly to Tiaret.  Abdurrahman make statement his descedants will heritage Rostamid Dynasty. It is start how Rostamid Dynasty became dynasty. Rostamid Dynasty became  center of knowledge at North Africa. They build two library. First library at Tahert, Algeria, and second library at Nafusa.  They also have big service for Islamized North Africa. At 909 AD, appear one new power at Tunisia, Fathimid Dynasty that founded by Said ibn Hussayn, that can conquer Rostamid Dynasty. But, Ibadi Ideology stilll exist until now at North Africa and Oman.

Refrences:
Hitti, Philip.K: History Of The Arabs: Rujukan Induk dan Paling Otoritatif Tentang Sejarah Peradaban Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2006 M.

Nasution, Harun: Teologi Islam: Aliran aliran Sejarah Analisa Perbandingan, UI  Press, 1978 M.

Ansary, Tamim: Dari Puncak Bagdad:Sejarah Dunia Versi Islam, Penerbit Serambi, 2017 M.

Muammar, Ali Yahya: Ibadiyah : Madzhab Islam Moderat, Perdana Publishing, 2018.

Salafi, Rifqi Iman: Dinasti Rustumiyah: Keimaman Khawarij-Ibadliyyah, Sempalan Dinasti Abbasiyah, accesed 22 August 2025, 10: 29 AM.