Today, we will discuss how Islamic Philosophy die at Middle Age? How this knowledge die at Middle Age and what factor that became main factor from Islamic Philosophy s die. Ok, please read this article for get complete perspective about this topic. And, dont forget, subcribe my blog for get more information about Islamic History and civilization. It is easy verb for you, but have big role for help us flow our blog that focuss at Islamic History and Civilization.
According Historian Ahmet Kuru, die of Islamic Philosophy started by rise of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali s think. Such as explained at previous article, Abu Hamid al-Ghazali ( life 1058-111 AD) has think that philosophy must attacked and his mind, so influenced at this age,. Muslims at this age, started leave philosophy and only focuss at Islamic Knowledge. Ghazali, attack Islamic Philosophy at his book, Tahafut al Falasifa ( the confusion of philosophy). For know about Ghazali s biography, you can open this article:
Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali: Persian Sufism Scholar.
Ghazali s ideas, contained thereatened to Islamic Philosophers who have argument that dont match with Islamic Doctrine, can murdered.Ghazali s idea, considered several Islamic Philosophers, such as Ibn Sina, Farabi, and other Islamic Philosophers as infidels. This idea influenced to Abbasid Caliphate. Abbasid Caliph at begin of 11 TH Century, such as Qadir and Qaym, considered several Islamic Non Sunni Groups, such as Mutazila and Shia are infidels and can murdered. At 12 TH Century, Abbasid Caliph, Mustanjid born philosophy book that written by Ibn Sina and Ikhwan as-Shafa. But, at 12-14 TH Century, Islamic World still can make philosophers, such as Fakhr addin Razi ( 1150-1210 AD). Fakhr addin, masteered medicine, astronomy, geometry, and Koran ( Islamic Holy Book) s interpretation. Other polymath, is Abd Latif al-Baghdadi ( ruled 1162-1231 AD) who mastered medicine, history, and philosophy.
But, at this age, Muslim Ruler started give pressure to philosophy more hard. Founder Of Ayyubid Dynasty, Saladin , executed Islamic Philosopher, Suhrawardi ( life 1154-1191 AD) at Aleppo, Syria. According Kuru, Suhrawardi influenced by Plato, Aristoteles, Neo Platonis, Ghazali, and Ibn Sina s philosophy. Suhrawardi executed at young age, but his scripts influended Illumationist Group. Ashraf, Ayyubid Ruler Of Damascus ( ruled 1228-1237 AD), forbid Islamic Scholar for studied, except for Koran, Hadith, Tafsir ( Koran Interpretation) and Koranic Law. Ashraf also threat people who studied logica and public knowledge, will drive out from Damascus. At Syria and Egypt that became Ayyubid Dynasty s territories, philosophy at this territories suffered degradation.
At Spain and North Africa, also happened degradation at philosophy. Ruler Of al-Mohad Dynasty, Yaqub al-Manshour, at 1195 AD, drive out Spanish Muslim Philosopher , Ibn Rushd because active at philosophy. Ibn Khaldun ( life 1332-1406 AD), write his magnum opus, philosophy historical book, Muqaddimah, that at this age, ignore by Muslim Society. According Ahmet.T.Kuru, Ibn Khaldun is oppurtunity for awaken Islamic Knowledge, that leaved by Muslims Society at this time.
At Ottoman Empire, Islamic s philosophy stil flow at Ottoman Empire, until 16 TH Century, with his figures such as Kinanlizade, Hocazade, and Kadizade Rumi. For know about history of philosophy at Ottoman Empire, you can open this link:
Knowledge at Age Of Ottoman Empire.
At end of 16 TH Century, Ottoman Scholar only focuss at Islamic Knowledge. Safavid Dynasty at Iran, produce several philosophers until 17 TH Century such as Mir Damad ( 1543-1631 AD) and Mulla Shadra ( 1572-1640 AD). But, philosophy at Safavid Dynasty also disappear such as Ottoman Empire, and since this, Islamic Philosophy Studies lost their interests.
Refrences:
Kuru, Ahmet.T.: Islam, Otoritarianisme, dan Ketertinggalan: Perbandingan Lintas Zaman dan Kawasan di Dunia Muslim, Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2021 M.
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